1. Cookie Grammar

2. Before we get started, we need to understand that… a simple cookie an independent clause =

3. Independent Clause? ONE word is just one word. TWO or more words make a PHRASE. A phrase with a subject and verb makes a CLAUSE. If it can stand on its own, it is an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. monster The hairy blue monster The hairy blue monster chomps on cookies.

4. What’s an independent clause? A complete simple sentence Consider it ONE whole cookie

5. So… an independent clause is a complete simple sentence, and complete simple sentences have a subject and a predicate. a simple cookie an independent clause = Subject? Predicate? Me just want cookie.

6. The subject completes the action. It’s the who or what which the sentence is about. You know… math, English, history… Nah, I’m just joking! The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about. The subject is what is doing the action in the sentence. Cookie Monster loves to eat cookies. Cookie Monster waves to Mr. Simmons’ class.

7. The predicate, or verb, tells something about the subject. It is the action, the doing, in the sentence. You know… math, English, history… Nah, I’m just joking! The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about. The subject is what is doing the action in the sentence. Cookie Monster loves to eat cookies. Cookie Monster waves to Mr. Simmons’ class. He is happy to see them.

8. Subject + Predicate = complete sentence independent clause One cookie !

9. So, what happens when we add exciting and grandiloquent verbs and adjectives to our sugar cookies?

10. We get a scrumptious iced cookie with those crunchy sprinkles on top! Yummmm…

11. Or we get the even better, beloved chocolate chip cookie!

12. They’re all the same... -Independent Clause -Simple Sentence -One Cookie No matter how much icing, sprinkles, or chocolate chips you add to your sugar cookie, you still only have _____ cookie!

13. Now, let’s make our cookie fudge- tastic! with…

14. Loose Fudge aka Dependent Clauses

15. Dependent Clause The fetus is dependent on the mother to one day become a baby. The dependent clause needs an independent clause to be a complete sentence. OR… The fudge needs the cookie. Without the cookie, loose fudge is just a nasty, mushy FRAGMENT. d ependent

16. can stand alone. They are complete sentences and can support dependent clauses—loose fudge. ndependent Clauses Like a simple cookie, independent clauses can take loose fudge as decoration and remain a single cookie.

17. Sugar Cookie or Loose Fudge? 1.Sugar cookies are a delectable treat. 2.When Cookie Monster gets hungry. 3.Chocolate chips are an exciting surprise. 4.My mind is always dreaming of cookies. 5.Sprinkles can make any cookie special. 6.Before you eat cookies.

18. Loose fudge NOT cookie! Arrgh!

19. We can add loose fudge to our cookies using a special ingredient… Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie! Subordinating Conjunctions! Su-who-bor-what?

20. Let’s help Cookie Monster understand. Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie! Su-who-be-what? Subordinate means lower in rank or position “Sub” = below “Ord” = order Subordinate - like a dependent baby to its mom. A conjunction is a connector. It “joins” words and clauses together.

21. So, a subordinating conjunction is… Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie! Su-who-be-what? that special ingredient used to join loose fudge to cookies. Find them and you will find your dependent clauses.

22. Some common subordinating conjunctions are… Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie! after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

23. We already use them everyday to combine dependent clauses (loose fudge) to independent clauses after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

24. This loose fudge brings us to the Complex Sentence Or, the Fudge-Striped Cookie! OH YEAH!

25. One of Cookie Monster’s favorite equations: Sugar Cookie + Loose Fudge = Fudge-Striped Cookie or Independent Clause + Dependent Clause = Complex Sentence = complex sentence

26. This delectable complex sentence is easy to find when all the cookies are mixed in the same jar. Let’s look at the difference a subordinating conjunction makes: I eat cookies. After I eat cookies. After I eat cookies, I can sleep soundly. I can sleep soundly after I eat cookies.

27. Let’s bake some Fudge-Striped Cookies! But wait! There are TWO recipes. Can you guess what they are?

28. Add a COMMA when the dependent clause comes first. When the loose fudge begins the sentence, it must be followed by a comma. Think of it this way: if you put your loose fudge in your hand first, you will need your tongue to lick up some of the mess before you put your cookie in your hand. Your tongue is the comma! It all depends on which ingredient you want to mix in first.

29. Mix an independent clause with a dependent clause to make a Fudge-Striped Cookie LOOSE FUDGE Because cookies have no calories whatsoever When the cookie crumbles Made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut SUGAR COOKIES I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer It is often hard to pick up the pieces A macaroon is a delicious cookie

30. DC+,+IC= FSC IC+DC=FSC Because cookies have no calories whatsoever, I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer. When the cookie crumbles, it is hard to pick up the pieces of your life. Made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut, a macaroon is a delicious cookie. I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer because cookies have no calories whatsoever. It is hard to pick up the pieces of your life when the cookie crumbles. A macaroon is a delicious cookie made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut.

31. Let’s Review 1.Bonnie and Clyde like to ride side by side. 2.I still have the birthday card which my best friend made for me. 3.When Julie reads her book, she ignores the world around her. 4.Gregory, the tall guy in the cowboy hat, rode bulls until he broke his leg. 5.The shuttle has three missing parts: a heat shield, a windshield, and a forcefield. (See how I used a colon to list?!) 6.So, class, how many cookies does Mr. Simmons really have? (Notice my use of commas surrounding a direct address?!)

32. More Cookie!

33. OO EE OO EE OO… OREOS! Oreos are our compound sentences.

34. 2 cookies & 1 creamy center Chocolate cookie = Independent clause Creamy center = a comma + coordinating conjunction, a semicolon + conjunctive adverb + a comma, or just a semicolon Chocolate cookie = Independent clause Two (2) Independent Clauses and One of the Creamy Center Items in the Middle = Compound Sentence

35. Three Ways to Join One Complete Sentence to Another Creamy Center made of a…Comma and Coordinating Conjunction (aka FANBOYS) Creamy Center made of a…semicolon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma Creamy Center made of just a… semicolon

36. Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction Independent Clause Comma and Coordinating Conjunction (AKA-FANBOYS),for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so Oreos are delicious, but some ill-minded people might disagree with me. Note the complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center.

37. ; Conjunctive Adverb, Independent Clause also however otherwise consequently indeed similarly finally likewise then furthermore moreover therefore hence nevertheless thus nonetheless Oreos are delicious ; however, some ill-minded people might disagree with me.

38. Creamy Center Semicolon Style Independent Clause ; Use the simple semicolon to join two independent clauses when using a pronoun that directly relates to the subject in the clause before it or when you are presenting a juxtaposition (two opposing ideas). Oreo cookies are delicious with milk ; they are also delicious with ice-cream. A vote for Oreos is a vote for happiness ; voting otherwise will end in doom.

39. There’s One More Cookie Type Did me hear “more cookie?”

40. It’s two times the chocolate fun; It’s creamy; It’s fudgalicious… It’s the Compound/Complex Sentence

41. oh… my…

42. gimme gimme

43. The Compound/Complex Sentence combines Loose Fudge (a dependent clause) with an Oreo (compound sentence)

44. The Compound/Complex Sentence Dependent clauses need an independent clause to be a sentence; with a compound sentence, they get two! +=

45. The creamy center still joins the two independent clauses of the Oreo with: 1.a comma and a conjunction; 2.a semicolon, conjunctive adverb, and comma; 3.or just a semicolon All wrapped up in Loose Fudge goodness.

46. Let’s Practice Janet took her time to feed all the animals before sunset, but her paced quickened when the storm clouds rolled in. After Sarah played her heart out, the judges gasped in surprise; they were clearly impressed. Jake watched as the bus pulled away, yet he did not hurry after it.

47. Let’s Practice I will take the back seat, so you can take the front. The class studied diligently for the exam; nearly everyone passed. Waiting for the test results, Tammy paced the hospital corridor; however, pacing did nothing to calm her nerves.

48. Now We Review

49. Simple Sentence one clause one cookie simple sentence Chocolate chips, or oatmeal, or raisins are like extra details MIXED into the independent clause.

50. Complex Sentence one independent clause add a dependent clause and another dependent clause (if you want) It doesn’t matter how many DEPENDENT clauses you add.

51. Compound Sentence one independent clause another independent clause and more independent clauses (if you want) joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi- colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

52. Compound/Complex two or more independent clauses one or more dependent clauses joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

53. Remember... Punctuation of your sentence depends where the clauses join.

54. Are you ready for your Cookie Test? Get your toothpick ready!

55. What type of cookie or sentence do you see ? 1. Making cookies with you has been divine. 2. Since we have been enjoying some delicious cookies, I hope you have learned something valuable. 3. After you have eaten this many cookies, you should brush your teeth, or your teeth will most likely rot out. 4. Cookie monster and I hope you don’t forget your sentences; therefore, we will give you a handout to study. 5. Your Cookie Grammar test is coming soon but not too soon. 6. It’s been a delectable, cookielicious time, y’all!

56. Thank you for coming!