2. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Part 1, Chapter 3 - Vocabulary These flashcards have been designed as a study tool to assist in your mastery of each chapter’s vocabulary and accompanying concepts. Instructions: This is an animated PowerPoint slide show. To use it as intended, begin the slide show by clicking on "slide show" (above) and then "view show," or by clicking on the slide show icon below. For use in conjunction with: Personality: A Systems Approach, By John D. Mayer Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Flashcards by Rebecca Disbrow

3. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Framework (of a field) A framework for a field is an outline of that field’s most important topics

4. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Personality Perspective A manner of looking at personality that is made up of a number of related theories that emphasize certain influences on personality, and share in common certain assumptions. Examples include the psychodynamic perspective and the trait perspective

5. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Theory of Personality A theory of personality is a set of statements or assumptions about human mental life or behavior that explains why people are the way they are.

6. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Neurotransmitters Chemicals secreted by neurons at the presynaptic sac that influence neighboring neurons

7. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Hormones Chemicals secreted by the endocrine organs into the bloodstream that can also influence brain function

8. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Twin Studies A type of study where people with different genetic overlap (e.g. identical and fraternal twins, siblings, cousins, and unrelated people) are compared as to their similarity on a given trait.

9. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Monozygotic (identical) Twins Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg, and thus share all their genetic material in common.

10. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Dizygotic (fraternal) Twins Twins who develop from two different eggs and thus share 50 percent of their genetic material in common.

11. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Traits Thematic regularities in personality – a person’s most common styles of, and capabilities for, feeling, thinking, and responding to situations.

12. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Classical Conditioning Learning based on the pairing of a stimulus to a natural, reflexive (unconditioned) response.

13. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Unconditioned Stimulus A person, object, or symbol that naturally and automatically triggers a response.

14. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Unconditioned Response An innate response to an unlearned stimulus, such as salivating in response to food.

15. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Conditioned Stimulus An originally neutral stimulus, that, having been paired with an unconditioned stimulus, now produces a response.

16. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Conditioned Response The learned response to an originally neutral stimulus.

17. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Operant Conditioning Learning as a consequence of the various rewards and punishments surrounding an individual.

18. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Topographical Model Freud’s division of the mind into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

19. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Suppression The conscious blocking out of threatening material.

20. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Personal Construct System A system of beliefs and predictions that help direct behavior.

21. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality If-Then or Conditional Traits Traits that only occur when very specific situational cues are present.

22. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Collectivist Cultures Cultures that emphasize the interdependencies among people, families, and groups.

23. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Individualist Cultures Cultures that emphasize the individual’s personal goals and needs.

24. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Allocentrics People with collectivist outlooks.

25. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Idiocentrics People with individualist outlooks.

26. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Empathy The capacity to understand and feel what another person is experiencing.

27. Part 1 – Examining Personality Chapter 3 – Perspectives on Personality Meta-analysis A research technique for combining the results of smaller research studies into larger statistical analyses so as to be more certain of their collective meaning.