2. LIFE IN WATER Chapter 3

3. Chapter Concepts The hydrologic cycle exchanges water among reservoirs. The biology of aquatic environments corresponds broadly to variations in physical factors such as light, temperature, and water movements, and to chemical factors such as salinity and oxygen.

4. The Hydrologic Cycle 71% of earth’s surface is covered by water:  97% Oceans  2% Polar Ice Caps and Glaciers  1% Freshwater in lakes, streams, ground

5. The Hydrologic Cycle Heat Evaporation Clouds Precipitation: what is the fate of ppt?  Evaporation  Consumed by organisms  Groundwater  Surface water  Rivers, Ponds, Streams >> Ocean

7. Turnover times for major water reservoirs Atmosphere: 9 days Rivers: 12 - 20 days Lakes: days – centuries Oceans: 3100 years

8. Natural History of Aquatic Environments: Deep Blue Sea Three major basins: Total AreaAvg. Depth Pacific180 million km 2 4,000m Atlantic106 million km 2 3,900m Indian75 million km 2 3,900m

9. Ocean circulation is driven by surface winds

11. Tubtoys and Ocean Circulation “It’s amazing what a rubber ducky can teach you.” Curt Ebbesmeyer, oceanographer, U. Washington

12. Tubtoys and Ocean Circulation

13. Relevance to PNW anadromous fish life history?

15. Deep Blue Sea Littoral (intertidal zone) – Shallow shoreline. Neritic – Coast to margin of continental shelf.

16. Deep Blue Sea Oceanic Zone: Areas beyond continental shelf.  Pelagic: Habitat off the bottom of the ocean.  Epipelagic 0 - 200m  Mesopelagic200 – 1,000m  Bathypelagic1,000 – 4,000m  Abyssal4,000 – 6,000m  Hadal6,000m +  Benthic: Habitat on bottom of ocean.