1. Memory Sandra Cortez McElmoyl Psychology MT4

2. Physical Location of Memory The hippocampus is were we form, organize and store memory Since both sides of the brains are the hippocampus can be found on each side If you damage both hippocampus you can lose the ability to form new memories

3. 3 Stages of Memory Encoding : is the first step of creating new memory It allows the item of interest to be changed to a construct that can be stored in the brain Mentally processing information so it can be entered into memory Storage : Holding the information for a period of time in short term or long term memory depending on the importance, attitude or experience Retrieval : Accessing or recalling memories when needed

4. The 3 stages of memory formation Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

5. Sensory Memory Sensory Memory is the first level of memory Capable of retaining information for a very short time Vision system still kind of remembers image while hearing retains sounds for a few more seconds

6. Sensory Memories is divided into two forms Iconic Memories Echoic Memories Iconic is a visual representation Echoic is sound

7. Shorty-Term Memory Also known as “working Memory” Holds information we are currently thinking about We are limited in capacity to seven items Practicing this information can help continue on the next stage

8. Long-Term Memory Is the ability to store more information for a long period of time Items held in long-term memory are held almost permanently Phone numbers Names Addresses

9. 3 Categories of Long-Term Memories Episodic Memories: life experiences Sematic Memories: considered declarative memory involves information/knowledge Procedural/Implicate Memories: incognitos ability to retrieve information about how to preform a task

10. Forgetting Forgetting is when one fails to retrieve information that we know is stored in the memory Why we fail to store may be because we have not encoded properly not making it into long-term memory Also interference may be a factor of forgetting because when information is similar to other information they can interfere with other memories Memory will begin to fade over time and disappear over time if they have not been used or reviewed

11. 3 Types of Amnesia Amnesia is memory loss usually caused by physical damage to the brain or when oxygen is cut off the brain Retrograde amnesia: head trauma blocks memories before the accident Anterograde amnesia: not able to store memory after the accident Dissociative or psychogenic amnesia

12. Elaborative vs. Maintenance Rehearsal Maintenance Rehearsal is when you repeat things over and over so you can try and hold the information Elaborative Rehearsal is thinking of a meaning to what you are trying to remember instead of just repeating the work over and over

13. Ways to Improve Memory Stay mentally active: just like you exercise the body exercise the brain you can try crossword puzzles, reading or even try musical instruments Socialize regularly: interacting with loved ones can help stress and depression which contribute to memory loss Be organized:

14. Focus: limit distractions by not doing to many things at once Eat a healthy diet: never skip breakfast Exercise regularly Manage chronic conditions

15. How Accurate is Memory Most people think that memory is like a book Scientist have found that human memory changes constantly Memories lose details and become distorted as time passes also known as memory Decay

16. How does Aging Affect Memory? As people get older they tend to lose their memory especially short-term memory because they lose 20 percent of the nerve connected to the hippocampus They have a more difficult time remembering recent things but they might remember very well what happened 40 years ago

17. Citations "Basic Memory Processes." Basic Memory Processes. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. "Memory Loss: 7 Tips to Improve Your Memory." - Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. "THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM." THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014. "The Human Memory - What It Is, How It Works and How It Can Go Wrong." The Human Memory - What It Is, How It Works and How It Can Go Wrong. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. "Way More than Your Textbook." Boundless. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.