3. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire   Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule   Bureaucratic administration  Centralized control  Military expansion  Book burnings  targeted Confucianists  Buried protestors alive!  Built large section of the Great Wall

4. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

6. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers & Cavalrymen

7. Cavalry

8. Individual Soldiers

9. The Details of an Individual Soldier

10. Individual “Tombs”

11. The Great Wall with Towers

12. The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

14. Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.  “People of the Han”  original Chinese  Paper invented [105 B.C.E.]   Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many  Buddhism introduced into China  Expanded into Central Asia

15. Han – Roman Empire Connection

16. Chang’ an The Han Capital

17. Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE) His jade suit has 2498 pieces!

18. Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E.  Started public schools.  Colonized Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam.  Civil service system   bureaucrats  Confucian scholar-gentry  Revival of Chinese landscape painting.

19. Han Artifacts Imperial Seal Han Ceramic House

20. Ceramics, Later Han Period

21. Trade Routes of the Ancient World

22. Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk Road

23. Ruins of Jiaohe, Turphan depression. Han dynasty outpost in Central Asia

25. Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.  “Land Equalization” System  land redistribution.  Unified coinage.  Grand Canal constructed.  Established an army of professional soldiers.  People were overworked and overtaxed!

26. The Grand Canal

27. The Grand Canal Today

29. Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.  Imperial examination system perfected.  Liberal attitude towards all religions.  Spread of Buddhism in China  Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries.   Japan, Korea, Persia

30. Tang Government Organization

31. Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.  New technologies:  Printing  moveable print   Porcelain  Gunpowder  Mechanical clocks  More cosmopolitan culture.  Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road.  Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia. 

32. Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705  The only female Empress in China’s history who ruled alone.   Searched for outstanding individuals to attract to her court.  Construction of new irrigation systems.  Buddhism was the favored state religion.  Financed the building of many Buddhist temples.  BUT… She appointed cruel and sadistic ministers to seek out her enemies.

33. Foot-Binding in Tang China  Broken toes by 3 years of age.   Size 5 ½ shoe on the right

34. Foot-Binding in Tang China Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.

35. Foot-Binding in Tang China  For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.

36. The Results of Foot- Binding

38. Song Dynasty, 960-1279 C.E.  Created merchant, middle class.  More education & cheap printed books.  Magnetic compass

39. Song Peasant Family

40. Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

42. Mongolian Steppes

43. Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”

44. Mongol Invasions

45. Mongol Warriors

46. Mongol Archer

47. Gold Saddle Arch – Mongols, 13c

48. Gold Saddle, Front View

49. The MONGOLS  Temujin --> Genghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”]  1162 - 1227

50. The MONGOLS  Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:  If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children.  If you do not have children, we will take your wife.  If you do not have a wife, we will take your head.  Used cruelty as a weapon

51. Mongol Nobleman

52. Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c

53. Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c

54. The Extent of the Mongol Empire

55. Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.  Kublai Khan [1260-1294]  Pax Mongolica [“Mongol Peace”]  Tolerated Chinese culture but lived apart from them.   No Chinese in top govt. posts.  Believed foreigner were more trustworthy.  Encouraged foreign trade Marco Polo

56. Marco Polo (1254- 1324)  A Venetian merchant.  Traveled through Yuan China: 1271-1295  “Black Stones” [coal]  Gunpowder.  Noodles.

57. Marco Polo’s Travels

58. Yuan Porcelains & Ceramics

59. Yuan Dynasty Decline  The Black Plague  Sent fleets against Japan.  Defeated by kamikazi [“winds of the gods”] 

60. China’s last native imperial dynasty!

61. The Forbidden City

62. Revived the Civil Service Exam

63. Ming Silver Market   Spanish Silver Convoys   Triangle route:   Philippines to China to Japan.   Silver floods Chinese Market:   Causes devaluation of currency & recession   Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration overseas.   Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe   Increases interest in Chinese culture & ideas in Europe.   Helps fund conquest of New World    Encourages Europeans in conquest & trade.

64. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)   Ming “Treasure Fleet”   Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide 1371-1435

65. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)   China’s “Columbus?” 

66.   1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.

67. Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18c

68. Ming Vases, 18c

69. Ming Carved Lacquer Dish 15c

70. Ming Scroll Painting “Travellers in Autumn Mountains”

71. Ming Painting – “Taoist Scholar”

72. Ming Painting – “Birds and Flowers”, 16c

73. Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c

74. Imperial China’s Impact on History  Removed religion from morality.  Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.  Mandate of Heaven  Secular law.  Valued history  The Dynastic Cycle