1. The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group. Culture

2. A group that shares a geographic region, a common language, and a sense of identity and culture. Society

3. A group of people who share language, customs, and a common heritage. Ethnic group

4. Taking existing elements of society and creating something new to meet a need. Innovation

5. The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior to different societies. diffusion

6. The heartland or place of origin of a major culture; a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to other cultures. Cultural hearth

7. The cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt an innovation. acculturation

8. A version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns due to class, region, or cultural changes. dialect

9. The belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe, as well as the system of beliefs itself. religion

10. In what two ways do cultures change? Innovation and diffusion

11. Category of religion in which the followers believe in one god. monotheism

12. Category of religion in which the followers believe in more than one god. polythesim

13. Two ways in which religion spreads. Diffusion and conversion

14. List the five major religions of the world. Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism

15. Three ways in which cultures express themselves creatively. Performing arts, visual arts, and literature

16. The number of live births per total population, often expressed per thousand population. birthrate

17. The average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country. Fertility rate

18. The number of deaths per thousand. Mortality rate

19. The number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live births. Infant mortality rate

20. Also called population growth rate – the rate at which population is growing, found by subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate. Rate of natural increase

21. A graphic device that shows gender and age distribution of a population. Population pyramid

22. A factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region. Push factor

23. A factor that draws or attracts people to another location. Pull factor

24. The average number of people who live in a measurable area, reached by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they occupy. Population density

25. The number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects. Carrying capacity

26. Approximately what percentage of the world’s population lives in the Northern Hemisphere? 90%

27. Which continent has the greatest population density? Asia

28. A political term describing and independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs. State

29. A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity. Nation

30. The name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory. Nation-state

31. Type of government in which citizens hold political party either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy

32. A type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies. Monarchy

33. A type of government in which an individual or a group holds complete political power. Dictatorship

34. A system of which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production. Communism

35. Describes an area (country, state, or territory) that has no outlet to the sea. landlocked

36. Name for a boundary that is based on physical features of the land. Natural boundary

37. Type of boundary that generally follows lines of latitude and longitude. Artificial boundary

38. List four different types of political units. City, county, state and country

39. The study of how people use space in cities. Urban geography

40. An area that is the center of business and culture and has a large population. City

41. A political unit or community touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city. Suburb

42. A functional area including a city and its surrounding suburbs and exurbs, linked economically. Metropolitan area

43. The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result. Urbanization

44. The core of a city, which is almost always based on commercial activity. Central Business District (CBD)

45. What are the three basic land use patterns found in all cities? Residential, industrial, commercial

46. As you move farther away from the CBD, which land use patterns usually begins to dominate? Residential

47. What generally happens to the value land as you move farther from the CBD in a city? It decreases

48. The production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people. Economy

49. The way people produce and exchange goods. Economic system

50. A type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. Also called a planned economy. Command economy

51. A type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers. Also called a demand economy or capitalism. Market economy

52. A material on or in the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, which has economic value. Natural resources

53. The basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems. Infrastructure

54. The average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit. Per capita income

55. The total value of all goods and services produced BY a country in a period of time. Gross National Product (GNP)

56. The value of only goods and services produced WITHIN a country in a period of time. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

57. What are four basic types of economic systems? Traditional, command, market, and mixed

58. Economic activity that involves the gathering of raw materials. Primary activity

59. Economic activity that adds value to raw materials by changing their form. Secondary activity

60. __________ activities - providing personal and professional services. Tertiary

61. __________ activities – providing information, management, and research services. Quaternary

62. Resources that can replaced by natural processes, such as trees and fish. Renewable resources.

63. Resources that cannot be replaced once removed from the ground, such as gold and silver. Non-renewable resources.

64. Resources that cannot be replaced once removed from the ground, such as gold and silver.