1. Brain Structures

2. Brainstem The brain’s “basement” The brain’s “basement” Oldest & most inner part Oldest & most inner part Where spinal cord enters brain Where spinal cord enters brain Crossover point Crossover point Comprised of: Comprised of: –Thalamus (“switchboard”) –Cerebellum (“little brain”) –Medulla (breathing/heart rate) –Pons (sleep)

3. Limbic System –“Brain’s doughnut” –Comprised of: Hippocampus Hippocampus Amygdala Amygdala Hypothalamus Hypothalamus –Memory & initial emotional responses to events Fear Fear Anxiety Anxiety Anger Anger

4. Cerebral Cortex Covering of interconnected neural cells that forms a thin surface layer on the brain. (Bark on a tree) Covering of interconnected neural cells that forms a thin surface layer on the brain. (Bark on a tree) Comprised of: Comprised of: –Glial Cells –4 regions (lobes) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

5. Frontal Lobe Comprise of Comprise of –Motor cortex, which is responsible for: Speaking Speaking Muscle movement Muscle movement Planning Planning Judgment Judgment

6. Parietal Lobe Comprise of: Comprise of: –Sensory cortex, which is responsible for: Registering & processing body sensations Registering & processing body sensations

7. Occipital Lobe Responsible for: Responsible for: –Visual areas –Visual information

8. Temporal Lobe Responsible for: Responsible for: –Auditory areas –Auditory information

9. Broca’s & Wernicke’s Area Broca’s Area Broca’s Area –Area of the Frontal lobe that directs muscle movement involved in speech Wernicke’s Area Wernicke’s Area –Area of the Temporal lobe involved in language comprehension & expression *APHASIA = impairment of language