1. verifica dellaccessibilità nei siti di telefonia mobile Tim, Vodafone e Wind Relatore: Prof. Marco Porta Correlatore: Prof. Lidia Falomo Tesi di Eleonora Cernuschi Università degli studi di Pavia Laurea Specialistica Interfacoltà in Editoria e Comunicazione Multimediale (ECM)

2. Accessibility: a definition The art of ensuring that, to as large an extent as possible, facilities (such as, for example, Web access) are available to people whether or not they have impairments of one sort or another Tim Berners Lee Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web. More specifically, Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the Web W3C

3. Disability Source: La disabilità in Italia - Il quadro della statistica ufficiale (Istat 2009) In Italy, in the years 2004-2005, people with disabilities were about 2,800,000 (5,1% of the whole population)

4. Accessibility: beneficiaries People with permanent disability (visual, auditive, motor, cognitive, neurological impairments) But not only… Elderly people Temporary invalids People with low literacy or not fluent in the language People with (Internet) low-bandwidth or using obsolete technologies New and infrequent Web users

5. From WCAG 1.0 to 2.0 WCAG 1.0 WCAG 2.0 2 principles: Ensuring graceful transformation Making content understandable and navigable 14 guidelines Checkpoints Priority 1 (must) Level A Priority 2 (might) Level AA Priority 3 (may) Level AAA 4 principles: Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust 12 guidelines Success criteria Level A Level AA Level AAA

6. Italian regulation Law 4/2004 – Disposizioni per favorire laccesso dei soggetti disabili agli strumenti informatici (Stanca Law) Obstacles: Public sector membership Existence of a contract Art. 8 of the Implementation Regulation self-evaluation of the accessibility for public subjects PDL 1226 (2006) Proposal for modification and improvement of 4/2004 Propose: Independence from the contract More checks on law enforcement

7. Studies of Accessibility Aim: To verify, on the basis of WCAG 2.0, the implementation of these international regulations on the websites of the three major mobile phone companies operating in Italy

8. Tim: pros and cons Resizable text (but not up to 200%) Too much content with not enough space between text lines Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background Useful input fields: clear label out of the field

9. Text alternatives are provided for any non-text content All functionalities are available from keyboard Visible focus Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose CAPTCHA with alternative file audio link And more…

10. Effective titles (TIM.it: Tariffe, Chiavette,Telefonini, Assistenza e Servizi Mobili) Alternative language is not provided HTML and CSS coding errors: missing objects end tags omitted no unique ID..and more.. 57 errors only in the homepage… And more…

11. Vodafone: pros and cons Accessible site link Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white) Too much content with not enough space between text lines Useful input fields: clear label in the field

12. Text alternatives are provided for any non- text content Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background (except for white/red) Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose Effective titles (ADSL internet, telefoni cellulari e offerte telefonia- Vodafone ) Only few functionality are available from keyboard Invisible focus No resizable text And more…

13. Alternative language is not provided HTML and CSS coding errors : missing objects end tags omitted no unique ID..and more... 194 errors only in the homepage… And more…

14. Vodafone: pros and cons Resizable text (but not up to 200%) Glossary Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white) Content only based on text W3C certification (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA)

15. And more… All functionalities are available from keyboard Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose HTML and CSS in conformity with W3C standards (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA) Color scheme and content organization customizable by the user (Personalizza il sito)

16. And more… Enough space between paragraph but not enough between text lines Absence of input field (provided in normal site): only informative content no interaction with the users Alternative language is not provided

17. Wind: pros and cons Low contrast ratio between text (or images of text) color and background Less content in the homepage: less dispersive page Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose Unuseful input field: label in the field

18. All functionalities are available from keyboard Visible focus Text alternatives are not provided for any non-text content (ex. box images) No effective titles (only the name of the company without description of its activity) No resizable text Alternative language is not provided Color scheme and content organization not customizable by the user And more…

19. HTML and CSS coding errors: missing objects attribute "alt" not specified end tags omitted no unique ID HTML language tag defines English but pages content is in Italian problem to screen reader <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > 155 errors only in the homepage… And more…

20. Conclusions The analysis shows that, even leading companies do not properly consider web accessibility As a consequence, a still large number of people afflicted with chronic or temporary disability are neglected The compliance with accessibility rules would represent a significant advantage for many people and further development opportunities for companies. Accessibility should therefore be considered not as a plus, but as an essential synergy between social needs and development of companies (both public and private)

21. Thanks for your kind attention