1. Histograms and Charts FSE 200

2. Why Illustrate Data? When describing a set of scores, you will want to use two things… –One score for describing the group of data Measure of Central Tendency –Measure of how diverse or different the scores are from one another Measure of Variability –However, a visual representation of these measures is much more effective when examining distributions

3. Minimize the “junk” Plan before you start creating Say what you mean…mean what you say Label everything Communicate one idea Keep things balanced Maintain the scale in the graph Remember…simple is best Limit the number of words The chart should convey what you want to say Ten Ways to a Great Figure

4. Parts of a Chart

5. Frequency Distributions Method of tallying and representing the number of times a certain score occurs –Group scores into interval classes/ranges Creating class intervals –Range of 2, 5, 10, or 20 data points –10-20 data points cover entire range of data –List class interval with a multiple of the interval –Largest interval goes at the top

6. Histograms Class intervals along the x axis

7. Histograms A hand drawn histogram

8. Histograms Tallying scores

9. Excel’s Histogram Tool Histogram data

10. Excel’s Histogram Tool Creating bins

11. Excel’s Histogram Tool The data analysis dialog box

12. Completed Histogram The completed histogram dialog box

13. Completed Histogram The finished ToolPak histogram

14. Frequency Polygon “a continuous line that represents the frequencies of scores within a class interval”

15. Frequency Polygon A hand drawn frequency polygon

16. Fat and Skinny of Frequency Distributions Distributions can be different in four ways… –Average value –Variability –Skewness –Kurtosis

17. Average Value How distributions can differ in their average score

18. Variability How distributions can differ in variability

19. Skewness Positive and negative skewness Degree of skewness in different distributions

20. Kurtosis Degrees of kurtosis in different distributions

21. Excellent Charts Column chart Creating a simple column chart

22. How to Create Charts in Excel The All Chart Types dialog box

23. How to Create Charts in Excel Click Chart Type Click Finish A simple column chart

24. Other Cool Charts A line chart showing trend over time

25. Other Cool Charts A pie chart of voters by party

26. Acknowledgement The majority of the content of these slides were from the Sage Instructor Resources Website