1. International Telecommunication Union ITU Perspective on ENUM Robert Shaw ITU Internet Strategy and Policy Advisor ICANN Rio de Janeiro, Brazil March 25, 2003

2. International Telecommunication Union What is the ITU? International organization where governments and private sector coordinate global telecom networks and services Founded in 1865, it is the oldest specialized agency of the UN system 189 Member States, 650 Sector Members, 75 Sector Associates Website: http://www.itu.int

3. International Telecommunication Union ITU structure: simple view Management of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits used by services such as fixed, mobile, broadcasting, amateur, space research, meteorology, global positioning systems, environmental monitoring and safety of life at sea and in the skies. Establish internationally agreed technical and operating standards “Recommendations” for networks and services Assistance to developing countries to facilitate connectivity and access, foster policy, regulatory and network readiness, expand human capacity through training programmes, formulate financing strategies and e-enable enterprises in developing countries Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D)

4. International Telecommunication Union How has the Internet impacted ITU? Support for IP-related technologies is now strategic element in design, development and use of most telecommunication networks; Has had major impact on ITU’s core activities in radiocommunication, telecom standardization and development programmes Has broadened ITU’s focus from coordination of global telephony and radiocommunication systems to info-communications networks services and technologies (which includes IP-based networks and the Internet)

5. International Telecommunication Union Understanding telecommunication trends Trend towards integration and interoperability of IP- based and PSTN network services and applications Emergence of differentiated Quality of Service (“QoS”) IP-based services Managed end-to-end performance needed for new applications requiring real-time traffic (e.g., video, voice) New network management, QoS, traffic engineering, pricing & accounting models emerging

6. International Telecommunication Union Issues of Convergence Problems of addressing ‘calls’ that pass from one network service to another: –Now widely possible to originate calls from IP address-based networks to other networks –But uncommon to terminate calls from other networks to IP address-based networks –To access a subscriber on an IP address-based network, some sort of global addressing scheme across PSTN and IP address-based networks needed ENUM may be solution

7. International Telecommunication Union Why is discussion of ENUM important? Mapping of telephone numbers onto Internet Could allow conventional telephones to call IP terminals (e.g. PCs). Should telephone numbers used in this way be subject to government oversight and regulation? Who should exercise control over telephone numbers used in this way?

8. International Telecommunication Union Caveats Complex topic Focused on E.164 infrastructure and policy issues, not ENUM services Work in progress

9. International Telecommunication Union What is E.164? ITU-T Recommendation E.164: “The international public telecommunication numbering plan” Tied to treaty obligations (specific roles and obligations defined for ITU Member States and ITU-T TSB Director) Defines number structure and functionality for four principal categories of numbers

10. International Telecommunication Union Examples of E.164 Resources Geographic areas –ITU Member States, including integrated numbering plan involving more than one (e.g. +1) Global Services –Universal International Freephone Numbers (+800) –Universal Personal Telecommunications (+878 + 2 digit IC) Networks –Global Mobile Systems (+881 + 1 digit IC) –Shared code for Networks (+ 882 + 2 digit IC) Groups of Countries –ETNS

11. International Telecommunication Union Some Complexities In telecommunication numbering, regulatory tradition with government involvement In the Internet, management of naming and addressing has tradition of “self-regulation” –but increasing government interest National numbering/regulatory authorities involved in coordinating ENUM servers & services for their portion of E.164 resources in respective countries

12. International Telecommunication Union Some National Issues Integrity of national numbering plans Competition between service providers Telecommunications network security Number portability Carrier selection Emergency services calls (including LBS) Privacy Control over personal records & slamming Legal intercept

13. International Telecommunication Union Roles and Responsibilities Most ENUM service and administrative decisions are national issues under purview of ITU Member States, since most E.164 resources are utilized nationally ITU to ensure that Member State has specifically authorized inclusion of geographic country code in the DNS In integrated numbering plan, each ITU Member State within plan may administer their portion of E.164 resources mapped into DNS as they see fit

14. International Telecommunication Union ITU Responsibilities Define and implement administrative procedures that coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering resources into the agreed DNS name servers Defined in draft Recommendation E.A-ENUM under preparation by ITU-T Study Group 2 Interim procedures agreed by SG2 at: www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/index.html www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/index.html

15. International Telecommunication Union National Consideration Issues Consultation process with interested communities National deployment Issues –How do you authenticate the identity of the subscriber for ENUM services? –Who are ENUM Registrars, what are they responsible for? –How do you validate ENUM data for potential users (Add - Modify – Delete) NAPTR list of services and preferences? –How is data provisioned in the country code name servers? –Competition policy issues For info on actual consultations, see: www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/trials.html www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/trials.html

16. International Telecommunication Union ITU Past Activities Discussion with IETF and RIPE NCC on roles and responsibilities Preparation and circulation of tutorial papers, workshops ITU-T SG 2 ‘Supplement’ on issues that need to be addressed by national and international authorities ITU-T SG 2 Meetings in 2001 and 2002 Interim administration arrangements

17. International Telecommunication Union ITU Future Activities Workshops Cooperate with IAB/IETF on final choice of TLD, registry, operations requirements Further discuss new draft Recommendation E.A-ENUM (next SG meeting in May 2003) For more info: –www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/www.itu.int/ITU-T/inr/enum/ –www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/enum/www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/enum/ –www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2002/NP05. htmlwww.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2002/NP05. html

18. International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Helping the world communicate Thank you