2. EyeSim An Ophthalmic Response Simulator Meseret N. Teferra, Prof K. Reynolds & Dr A. Mohtar

3. Project Objective “To develop a simulator that can be used to teach medical students how to examine the eyes for cranial nerve lesions” Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III ) lesion Trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) lesion Abducense nerve (cranial nerve VI) lesion

4. Background During ocular dysfunction, ophthalmologists examine the eye so as to investigate the root cause of the pathology: cranial nerve lesion being one of them.

5. Effect of cranial nerve lesions Oculomotor nerve lesion (CN III): Loss of adduction, elevation and depression. Loss of dilation of the pupil and ptosis (droop) of the eyelid. Trochlear nerve lesion (CN IV) : Loss of depression and abduction. Abducense nerve lesion (CN VI): Loss of abduction.

6. Continued...

7. Ophthalmic examination: current practices Intra ocular muscle test Pupillary response Accommodation / visual field Extra ocular muscle test Examines the ability of the patient’s eye to track the object at a distance of 10 to 14 inches.

8. Simulators in Medical Education K-E A ABOU-Elhamd et al. ddefined medical simulation as an“educational environment in which learning occurs through the use of a device, mannequin or team without the presence of an actual patient”(2010).

9. Why Simulators? Risk-free environment to learn critical skills (Friedrich, 2002). Allows for control of complexity and repeatability (Østergaard, 2004). Provide balance between clinical and educational outcomes (Laerdal, 2004).

10. Ophthalmic simulators Current teaching practices in ophthalmology are mainly reliant on theory. The practical nature of the topics are very much dependent either on the availability of patients in that scenario or virtual reality simulators. Flinders university developed EyeSim in 2004 (Tim Nelson, Engineering honours project). No other physical simulator have been identified.

11. EyeSim: What has been done before??

12. How EyeSim was integrated

13. What is new??

14. Continued... How the new EyeSim is integrated

15. Continued... Control program / new method for object tracking and IRIS brightness control SPIN based C based

16. Continued... New control board Arduino controlled CMUCAM4 for colour tracking New board to power up electrical components and for proper signalling New servos (HS 55, DS-928BB ) 4 layer IRIS board

17. Features of the new EyeSim Stand alone Easy to operate and understand Two toggle switches installed on a panel Descriptive Back up LEDs Independent eye movement Two eyes which can follow an object and respond to light Simulation can be Random Planned / Pre - known

18. What needs to be done Design Refine the control program The IRIS PCBs are found faulty and the design of a new 4 layer IRIS PCB is in progress The supporting frame will be adjusted accordingly

19. Continued... Manufacture and purchase The power and signalling board is ready for manufacture IRIS PCB The enclosure is already chosen and will soon be purchased Assembly and prototype testing

20. Q?? Thank you for your attention!!