1. Regulatory framework for the transport of radioactive material in Europe and problems caused by illicit trafficking Dangerous Goods and Special Cargoes Section Transport Division, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

2. Legal instruments IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material IMDG Code ICAO Technical Instructions ADR ADN RID

3. REQUIREMENTS classification and identification of radioactive material, activity limits; packing of radioactive material, including standards for construction, testing and approval of packages; marking and labelling of packages; transport documentation and notification requirements; segregation from other goods, members of the public, workers; stowage and storage in transit;

4. REQUIREMENTS (Cont’d) loading, unloading, problems of contamination and decontamination; controls; emergency response; training of all participants in the transport chain and safety advisers; construction and approval of means of transport and their operations; administrative requirements.

5. PROBLEMS SAFETY PROBLEMS: Transport workers, members of the public, workers at scrap metal mills and end-users of recycled metal are likely to be exposed to radiation without knowing it. LIABILITY PROBLEMS: Liability of the consignor for all expenses, loss or damage arising out of the handing over of the goods for carriage or of their carriage; Immobilisation of the consignment; Administrative assistance.

6. PROBLEMS ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS: Acceptance of the load when radiation is detected; Economic consequences.

7. CONCLUSION SYSTEMATIC MONITORING AT THE PLACE OF LOADING: Alleviation of the problems caused by a detection during carriage; Remaining possibility of disposal of radioactive sources in vehicles or wagons already loaded

8. END http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm