1. Sculpture
Chapter 10

2. Sculpture- 3 dimensional artwork created to exist in space as we do
Sculpture in the round-a freestanding sculpture that can be seen from any side
Relief- a sculpture that is not free standing, but projects from a background
Low relief/bas relief-the projection from the background is slight, like a coin

3. Apollo. c. 415 B.C.E. Diameter 1-1/8".
Photograph: Hirmer Fotoarchiv, Munich Germany.
Apollo. c. 415 B.C.E. Diameter 1-1/8".
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4. Angkor Wat

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Eliot Elisofon, Life Magazine © TimePix.
Army on the March. Relief from Angkor Wat, The Great Temple of the Khmers, Cambodia. 1100–1150.
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6. Angkor Wat Angkor wat- literally means city temple
Originally built as a temple to the Hindu god Vishnu
Became a Buddhist temple
Army on the March is a delicate low relief carved in stone
Notice the rhythm of the spears and it’s contrast with the curving foliage

7. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence
By: Robert Longo
High relief sculpture-more than half the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surface
Figures are often undercut

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Metro Pictures.
Robert Longo. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence. Middle portion ' × 9'.
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9. Modeling
Additive process-a pliable material, such as wax, clay, plaster is built up and pushed into a final form
Armature-a stiff inner support that keeps the material from sagging

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Princeton University Art Museum. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund, in honor of Gillett G. Griffi
Ballplayer with Three-Part Yoke and Bird Headdress. Maya Classic Period. A.D. 600– × 17.8 cm.
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San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Gift of the Art Council. © Estate of Robert Arneson/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY.
Robert Arneson. California Artist /4" × 27-1/2" × 20-1/4" (173.4 × 69.9 × 51.4 cm).
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L.A. Louver.
Ken Price. Vink " × 20" × 11".
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13. Casting
Allows the artist to make the piece on a pliable material like clay or wax and then convert it into a permanent material like bronze
Mold-a mold is made of the original work and then the new material is poured into the mold
Traditional a cast is made using metal, but now there are new resins and plastics used to create very realistic surfaces

14. Charles Ray. Self-Portrait. 1990. 75" × 26" × 20".
Copyright © Charles Ray/Courtesy Matthew Marks Gallery, New York.
Charles Ray. Self-Portrait " × 26" × 20".
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Collection of Barry Sloane, Los Angeles. Courtesy of Rosamund Felsen Gallery, Santa Monica.
Kaz Oshiro. Tailgate (OTA) " × 17-7/8" × 1-3/4". Bottom edge 12" from wall.
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Courtesy of the artist and Luhring Augustine and Environmental Justice Foundation (EFT).
Rachel Whiteread. Public Art Fund Watertower Project ' high, 9' diameter.
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17. Carving
Carving
Subtractive process-removing parts of the original material to reveal the sculpture
This type of sculpture is very unforgiving, mistakes are hard or impossible to correct
Different types of stone dictate different types of carvings

18. Stones Wood Walnut and cypress are strong woods often preferred
Marble is a tradition material that is soft and relatively stable, but can be damaged in weather
Granite is great for outdoors, but is hard to carve fine detail into because of it’s hardness
Sandstone/limestone is easy to carve but will be worn down by weather
Jade was used in China. Beautiful but can crack easily
Basalt is a rough stone used in many Mexican Olmecs that is hard to carve detail into
Walnut and cypress are strong woods often preferred
Joint block construction-different parts of the sculpture are carved separately and then put together

19. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Awakening Slave. 1530–1534. Height 9'.
Nimatallah/Art Resource, N.Y.
Michelangelo Buonarroti. Awakening Slave. 1530–1534. Height 9'.
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20. Massive Stone Head. 12th–10th Centuries B.C.E. Olmec. Height 65".
Werner Forman/Anthropology Museum, Mexico/Art Resource, N.Y.
Massive Stone Head. 12th–10th Centuries B.C.E. Olmec. Height 65".
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21. Elizabeth Catlett. Mother and Child #2. 1971. Height 38".
Photograph by Samella Lewis. © Elizabeth Catlett/ Licensed by VAGA, New York.
Elizabeth Catlett. Mother and Child # Height 38".
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The Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Purchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust Photograph: Jamison Miller.
Guanyin of the Southern Sea (Nanhai Guanyin). Chinese. 11th–12th Century, Liao Dynasty (907–1125). 95" × 65" (241.3 × cm).
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24. Constructing and Assembling
In the past, the accepted forms of traditional sculpture were modeling, carving and casting
Assemblage and constructed pieces are, made from multiple parts or materials and assembled in a new way
Ex: welding, nailing, gluing…
Found object art-using old or abandoned objects to create an artwork

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Courtesy L.A. Louver, Venice. © Deborah Butterfield/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY.
Deborah Butterfield. Conure /2" × 119" × 30" (235 × × 76.2 cm).
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Salmatina Gallery.
Marc André Robinson. Throne for the Greatest Rapper of All Time " × 69" × 48".
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27. Kinetic Sculpture
Kinetic Sculpture-a sculpture that moves

28. Mixed Media
Mixed media-using multiple types of materials to create one artwork

29. Lara Schnitger. Grim Boy. 2005. 71" × 59" × 20".
Anton Kern Gallery, New York.
Lara Schnitger. Grim Boy " × 59" × 20".
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30. Matthew Monahan. The Seller and the Sold. 2006. 67" × 25" × 25".
Modern Art.
Matthew Monahan. The Seller and the Sold " × 25" × 25".
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31. Installations and Site-Specific Art
Installation- transforms a space into the artwork

32. Richard Serra. Tilted Arc. 1981. Height 12'.
AP Photo/Mario Cabrera
Richard Serra. Tilted Arc Height 12'.
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Photo: Jens Ziehe. Courtesy the artist; neugerriemschneider. Berlin: and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York © Olafur Eliasson 2003.
Olaf Eliasson. The Weather Project (The Unilever Series) m × 22.3 m × m.
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