1. Ch. 7 – Biological Diversity Diversity of Life 1. How did it come about? 2. Is it important? 3. What is necessary to sustain that diversity?

2. 7.1 What is biological diversity? - Number of species in an area Within a four mile square area of a tropical rainforest, you would find:  Over 750 species of trees  1500 different kinds of flowering plants  125 species of mammals  400 species of birds  100 reptiles  60 amphibians  countless insects  150 species of butterflies

3. 7.2 – Biological Evolution  Q1/A1 – created by God A2 – Charles Darwin - a change in inherited characteristics of a population from generation to generation(may lead to speciation) - new species arise as a result of competition for resources and differences in an individual’s ability to adapt to the environment

4. Processes that lead to evolution A) Mutation – change in DNA B) Natural Selection 1. genetic variability 2. environmental variability 3. differential reproductive success 4. influence of the environment on survival and reproduction Ex) mosquitos and resistance to DDT

5. A Review of DNA

6. Natural Selection  http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/ article/bergstrom_02 http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/ article/bergstrom_02

7. Mosquitos and resistance to DDT  http://www.smartskeptic.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/08/Evolution-of- Mosquitoes-due-to-DDT1.png http://www.smartskeptic.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/08/Evolution-of- Mosquitoes-due-to-DDT1.png

8. Processes that lead to evolution C) Geographic isolation and migration D) Genetic Drift – change in frequency of a gene in a population due to chance 1. Founder effect 2. Bottleneck effect

9. Geographic Isolation and Migration http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/earth_ti meline/pangaea#p00fztwb

10. 7.3 – Basic concepts of biological diversity a) Genetic diversity b) Habitat diversity c) Species diversity 1. species richness – total number 2. species evenness – relative of abundance 3. species dominance – the most abundant

11. Genetic Diversity

12. Habitat Diversity

13. Species Diversity/Species Richness  http://www.glyn.dk/blog/uploaded_imag es/Animal_diversity_October_2007- 777732.jpg http://www.glyn.dk/blog/uploaded_imag es/Animal_diversity_October_2007- 777732.jpg

14. Species Eveness  http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/measure ments_of_biodiversity http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/measure ments_of_biodiversity

15. 7.4 – The evolution of life on earth  Slowly  Study of fossils  Bacteria – changed atmosphere/photosynthesis  Multicellular(ocean)  Multicellular(land) - gravity - water conservation - gas exchange - moist environment for reproductive system

16. 7.5 – The number of species on earth - 1.5 million named - Estimate 3- 100 million - Table 7.1 p. 127