1. Chapter 15: The Contemporary Spirit

2. The Age of Anxiety The rise of the Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union (USSR) created this age.

3. The Age of Anxiety Post-war America – Be-bop It was the revival of improvisational purism in the area of jazz. Charlie “Bird” Parker is regarded as one of the movements perfectionists.

4. The Age of Anxiety Post-war America – The Beats These were the American writers who quested for the meaning of life. Alec Ginsberg was one of the most prominent writers from this group.

5. The Age of Anxiety Post-war America – The Confessional Poets American women writers turned inward in their writing giving intensely intimate accounts of their lives. Anne Sexton was regarded as one of the avant-garde of this group.

6. The Age of Anxiety The Existentialists – This movement approached the idea that the world was absurd and lacked true meaning. – Jean-Paul Sartre’s, one of the avant-garde of this movement, greatest work is No Exit.

7. The Age of Anxiety The Existentialists – Simone de Beauvoir She was Sartre’s female counterpart. Her most famous work was The Second Sex.

8. The Age of Anxiety The Existential Hero – These characters emerge from the concept of trying to find identity under insane conditions.

9. The Age of Anxiety The Existential Hero – Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is about a young black man’s struggle in a racist world that simply wants to exploit his ability but only perceive him in a stereotypical fashion.

10. The Age of Anxiety The Existential Hero – Joseph Heller He is best known for his work, Catch-22. The story is about the captain of a bomber who tries to escape his commander by faking his insanity.

11. Art & Architecture in Postwar America The New York School – Abstract Expressionism The concept was to express emotion through abstract subjects. Jackson Pollock’s dripping and splattering style is one of the most famous members of this genre.

12. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Modern Architecture – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe He championed the concept of “less is more.” His purist style became the preferred concept of the modern office building.

13. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Modern Architecture – Frank Lloyd Wright He moved away from his “natural” style and began experimenting with sculptural architecture. Guggenheim Museum, New York City

14. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Sculpture – Alexander Calder is best known for his mobiles.

15. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Sculpture – Louise Nevelson used “found” material to create what became known as assemblages.

16. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Black Mountain College – This was founded in North Carolina in 1933 as an experimental college dedicated to the creative arts.

17. Art & Architecture in Postwar America Black Mountain College – John Cage He influenced two of the Black Mountain alumni Robert Rauschenberg & Merce Cunningham. He created a piano piece by flipping a coin to decide the sequence of tones which was termed aleatory music.

18. The Sixties Visual Arts – Allan Kaprow He is one of the founders of the movement in which a “happening” is created where the artist and the audience are equal partners.

19. The Sixties Visual Arts – Pop Art The concept was to incorporate mass- production into art. By Lobo

20. The Sixties Visual Arts – Pop Art Andy Warhol – He was the avant-garde of the movement. – His “In the future everybody will be world famous for fifteen minutes.”

21. The Sixties Visual Arts – Pop Art Minimalism – This movement became the “anti-expressionist” form. – Donald Judd is one of the famous sculptors of this work. – Conceptual Art was the concept that art might simply be an idea. By Piet Mondrian

22. The Sixties Modern Music – Rock and Roll emerged with the focus featuring electric guitars and strong rhythms.

23. The Sixties Modern Music – Rock and Roll The Beatles’ Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

24. The Sixties Modern Music – Rock and Roll The Bob Dylan and his political voice.

25. The Sixties Modern Music – Rock and Roll San Francisco & the counter-culture – The Grateful Dead – Jefferson Airplane

26. The Sixties Modern Music – Rock and Roll African-American influence gives rise to rhythm & blues (R & B). – James Brown – Aretha Franklin – Marvin Gaye

27. The Postmodern This style encompasses stylistic hybrids. Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers – Champion the postmodern passion in their building of the Pompidou Center.

28. The Postmodern Pluralism – Is the concept of no one style or influence predominating art. Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles

29. The Postmodern Pluralism – Earth Art (Land Art) is the concept of merging sculpture with the environment. The Mud Man

30. The Postmodern Pluralism – Installations Two pioneers in this arena are Christo & Jean- Claude. These are works that are created at a site and then dismantled. Miami’s Pink Islands

31. Global Awareness Racial and gender focus becomes more pronounced in the modern world. Leeches by Jean-Michael Basquiat