1. Tuesday, January 27th, 2015
You need notebook paper & something to write with!
Draw Cornell notes…..
Topic: ESPN of Europe!

2. The Geography & Peoples of Europe
Notes are organized as follows: History, Economics, Social/Culture, Political, Environment.
GOAL: To try and get through slide 15 or 16 on day 1, complete the rest on day 2…more notes in the first 16 slides, more discussion in the second half of the notes.

3. Southern Europe/Balkans (16)
European Countries
North/ West Europe
(11)
Central Europe
Southern Europe/Balkans (16)
Ireland UK
France
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
The Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Iceland
Monaco
Germany
Czech Republic
Poland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Austria
Switzerland
Hungary
Slovakia
Liechenstein
Spain
Portugal
Italy
Vatican City
San Marino
Andorra
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia Herzegovinia
Serbia
Montenegro
Greece
Albania
Bulgaria
Romania
Russia

4. GIVE ME an “E”!
HINT

5. Countries in color are socialist.
Economic Systems
GDP of European countries varies greatly.
5 of the top 10 wealthiest nations in the world - European.
W. Europe:
Free Market
E. Europe:
Socialist
Countries in color are socialist.
ECONOMICS
Color on map indicates length of time they have been socialist: from longest to newest: red, yellow, green
The poorest states in Europe are still well above the poorest in the world.
Europe Top 5 GDP: Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia
World Top 10 GDP: US, China, Japan, Germany, France, Brazil, UK, Italy, Russia, India

6. The BeNeLux Countries Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg
- Started as trade agreement, socially, politically similar!

7. European Union
Economic & political union of 27 countries located primarily in Europe.
Grows in size & power as new countries join.
EU “born” because Europeans wanted to prevent the atrocities of WWII from ever happening again.
Eliminates Trade Barriers among members (NAFTA, ASEAN).
The link shows the growth.
formed by six countries in in the beginning it mainly dealt with trade and the economy.
Now the EU embraces 27 countries and about 490 Million people and it deals with a wide range of issues
of direct importance for everyday life.
The UK’s currency is the pound sterling and it has no plans to adopt the euro in the foreseeable future.
Europe is a continent with many different traditions and languages, but also with shared values such as democracy,
freedom and social justice, The EU’s goal is to defend these values.
The European Union flag is the symbol not only of the EU
but also of Europe’s unity and identity in a wider sense.
The circle of gold stars represents solidarity and harmony between the peoples of Europe.
The number of stars has nothing to do with the number of member states. There are twelve stars because the
number twelve is traditionally the symbol of perfection, completeness and unity. The flag therefore remains unchanged
regardless of EU enlargements.
The opening of borders within the EU has led to increased European migration. How else might the EU unify European people and encourage trade? Think about the Thomas Friedman documentary…

8. GIVE me a “P”…..

9. Political Systems
US & Europe: constitutional democracies with elected representation.
European monarchies are limited in power.
(ie parliament or some sort of representation for the people).
POLITICAL SYSTEMS
The British Monarchy has very little power. Turned back over to the people over the last 250 years as they witnessed revolutions throughout Europe where other monarchies were overthrown as the people took control.
Red: Monarchy
Blue: Republic

10. And then there is the “S”….

11. Members of the Indo-European Language Family
Most of the languages of Europe belong to Indo-European language family. These are divided into a number of branches, including Romance,Germanic, Balto-Slavic, Greek, and others. The Uralic languages also have a significant presence in Europe, including the national languagesHungarian, Finnish, and Estonian. The Turkic and Mongolic families also have several European members, while the North Caucasian andKartvelian families are important in the southeastern extremity of geographical Europe. The Basque language of the western Pyrenees is anisolate unrelated to any other group, while Maltese is the only Semitic language in Europe with national language status.
In addition to current languages, there are many languages once used in Europe which are now extinct; see List of extinct languages of Europe. Other languages are nearly extinct; see List of endangered languages in Europe. This article also does not include languages spoken by relatively recently-arrived migrant communities.

12. Major Religious Groups in Europe
Why is England mostly protestant? (monarchies) why is the northern part of Ireland protestant while the rest is catholic? A: British colonization to control Ireland.
Major Religious Groups in Europe

13. As a unified Europe has grown and changed, it has become more complex and bureaucratic . . .
The Brits have been slow to change and give up some of their ideas.
“United in Diversity” Is the motto of the EU.
The motto means that, via the EU, Europeans are united in working together for peace and prosperity, and
that the many different cultures, traditions and languages in Europe are a positive asset for the continent

14. SOCIAL
WG 6B Ask students to remember what they know about climates (LEMPOSA)….why would they predict the population varies so much around Europe? War, standard of living, climate, all play a role. Proximity to rivers/large bodies of water, connectivity due to high speed trains also play a role.

15. Population Distribution
Where do most Europeans live? Why?
Population Distribution

16. Is the population growing or shrinking in Europe?
Population Growth

17. Genocide The Holocaust:
Definition: The deliberate & systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group. Bosnian Genocide: during Bosnian War, target - Bosnian Muslims & Croations. Over 50,000 men, women & children murdered during this time.
The Holocaust:
murder of over 11 million people: Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Communists/political dissidents, Slavs, Jehovah's Witnesses, some Protestant pastors & Catholic priests, black people, mentally & physically disabled, as well as others.
: 2 out of every 3 European Jews murdered.
2 genocides that have impacted Europe: The Jewish Holocaust and the Bosnian Genocide
Holocaust is a greek word meaning “sacrifice by fire”
Genocide still occurs today, most recently Rwanda, and happening NOW: Sudan Darfur & the Southern Sudan region where the muslim govt is trying to kill all of the hristian/non-muslim dissidents. . What are we doing about it? Should we intervene? Why or why not? Discuss political cartoon…the UN has a policy of intervention for genocide, however, many people disagree about just what qualifies as genocide. Example: Rwanda was ignored because the world did not recognize it at the time as genocide. It is now recognized by most countries as genocide.

18. AP Human Geography Political Organization of Space Terrorism
IRA
( Irish Republican Army)
Northern Ireland
Ireland
The World
Meghan Brown Spring 2007

19. Ireland & the IRA
IRA wanted independence from England to create an independent Irish republic
Post WWI British army sent over former World War I soldiers to fight; many settled in the N. part of Ireland
England gave Ireland freedom (1921), kept the Northern part is still a part of the UK today.
WG 1A, 14A, The British army after WWI was in a shambles (tired, worn out, NOT ready to go off to fight another war), and in no position to fight, which helped the Irish gain its independence. The British combination of black police uniforms and tan army outfits gave rise to the term “Black & Tans” for these men.
The Republican paramilitary organization, founded in 1919, was formed to end the British rule in Northern Ireland and the unification of the province with the Republic of Ireland
In 1922 the Irish Free State was established, but the IRA refused to accept a separate Northern Ireland. In 1931 the IRA was declared illegal, the Irish legislature confined its members without trial.
The IRA gained popularity in the 1960’s when the Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland started their civil rights campaign against the Protestants.
Northern Ireland still today belongs to England, Ireland is an independent country. The IRA still fights to have Ireland reunited as one country again. Will likely never happen as too many British protestants live in Northern Ireland. Since the agreement to disarm in 2005, the IRA has been peaceful in their pursuit of a United Ireland

20. Last… But NOT LEAST….
eNvironment….. First… LANDFORMS and LACEMOPS… THEN… What are Europe’s current Environmental struggles and ISSUES… AND WHY????!!!!

21. 3
R E G I O N S
WG 9A

22. Scandinavian Peninsula
Northern Peninsulas
Scandinavian Peninsula
WG9A
Jutland Peninsula

23. Southern Peninsulas Crimean Peninsula Iberian Peninsula
WG9A
Crimean Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
AnatoleanPeninsula

24. The Urals divide the European & Asian sections of Russia.
Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide”
1500 miles
The Urals serve as a division between the European & The Asian portion of Russia.
The Urals divide the European & Asian sections of Russia.

25. Alpine Mountain System
Ask students to think about how the settlement of Europe might have been different had the Alps been higher and difficult to pass through… think about the mountains that divide Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are high, difficult to travel through. Protected India from Invaders form the North for centuries.
Mt. Blanc is the highest mtn in the Alps at 15,771 ft high (compared to the highest in the world, Everest at almost 30,000 ft)
The Alps…
France, Switzerland, Italy, & Austria
NOT a barrier to trade as mtn passages are low.

26. Apennines Mountainous spine of the Italian boot, volcanic activity
Vesuvius, Pompeii
Mountainous spine of the Italian boot, volcanic activity
Mt. Etna, Sicily
A great deal of tectonic plate activity here.

27. Fjords Fjords Narrow deep inlets of the sea between high rocky cliffs.
Carved out by glaciers at the last ice age as the ice retreated
Coast of Norway & Iceland
Last ice age was 10,000 BCE

28. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??
Trade, transportation etc

29. Capitals on the Rivers (1)
London on the Thames
Paris, right bank of the Seine
Prague on the Vltava
Budapest on the Danube

30. Capitals on the Rivers (2)
Moscow on the Moscow River
Berlin on the Spree
Rome on the Tiber
Vienna on the Danube

31. They are Europe’s lifeline!
Answer:
They are Europe’s lifeline!

32. Longest river in Europe = 2,300 miles long.
The Volga River
Longest river in Europe = 2,300 miles long.
Extremely polluted!!
Sometimes referred to as “Mother Volga” by the Russians.

33. The Danube River 2nd longest river in Europe.
Flows through 12 countries
(Germany, Austria,Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine).
2nd longest river in Europe.
Important for trade & hydroelectric power .

34. Lake Baikal, Siberia The oldest and deepest lake in the world.
20% of the world’s total UN-frozen water supply.

35. Reykjavik, Iceland:
Volcanoes
Hot Springs
Geysers

36. Mediterranean Islands
Sardinia
Mountainous
Mediterranean Sea is polluted
Estimated it will take 1,000 years to clean up.
Cyprus
Malta

37. English Channel: Body of water between England & France.
Connects the Atlantic Ocean & the North Sea.
WG 6B Ask students to discuss how this may lead to the population, language patterns in W. Europe.

38. The “Chunnel Tunnel” "Chunnel" links the UK & France.
WG 6B
The Chunnel opened in 1994 pretty NEW!!!
It consists of three parallel tubes, two of which carry trains between the United Kingdom and France. The third tube is a service tunnel. This tube supplies fresh air and maintenance access to the rail tubes, and could be used for emergency evacuation.
"Chunnel" links the UK & France.
Chunnel Tunnel: beneath the English Channel.
Travel by train or take car on ferry boat.

39. Europe’s Latitude v. US

40. Climate Zones

41. North Atlantic Drift
What does the North Atlantic Drift do to the climate of Europe?
Point out that the latitude of this area of Europe indicates that it should me much colder, (think Canada) but this warm ocean current helps warm Europe up a little. It is still damp and cool.
The Northern part of Western Europe has a marine west coast climate with mild cool summers and warm winters due to the NAD and prevailing westerly winds.

42. Vegetation Zones
Vegetation Regions

43. Siberia --> Permafrost
Siberia means “sleeping land”
Average temperatures of January vary from 32 to -58 (winter) and in July from 34 to 77!!
Population is 40 million (1/4 of the Russian population, yet ¾ of the landmass)
A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

44. Environmental Issues In Europe:
1. Acid Rain (Central Europe, Scandinavia, Eastern North America)
2. Air Pollution (United Kingdom)
3. Nuclear Disaster (Chernobyl, Ukraine)
The following slides will explain the environmental issues in Europe in further detail.

45. Acid Rain Precipitation + pollution = acid rain
Cause: burning of coal, gas, & oil by cars, factories, & power plants
Harms the environment and…
a) damages statues, buildings, & bridges,
b) has killed entire fish populations
c) can harm forests and soil

46. Air Pollution/Smog Fog + pollution = Smog Destroys plant life
Causes building materials to deteriorate faster than usual
Can kill…About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of a thick smog in 1952.
occurs when moisture condenses with smoke produced by the burning of coal
forms smog droplets
sulfur dioxide is in air in London--attacks the lungs and makes breathing difficult (called sulfur smog)

47. CHERNOBYL: How Did This Happen?
Reactor overheated (4/26/86)
Winds carried radioactive material into N & Central Europe.
Soviet leaders concealed this for 2 days, refused outside help.
Health problems for people & their unborn children continue in this area.
Reactor overheated during a test of the reactors power supply. The explosion produced a radioactive cloud more than 3,280 feet in height.
31 people reportedly died from radiation sickness or burns
more than 200 others were seriously injured
Fallout (radioactive material) from the accident caused a number of health and environmental problems
increased rate of cancer, skin diseases, respiratory ailments, and heart problems. Women who gave birth, even years later had children with serious birth defects.
The reactor is now covered with a concrete shell.
What have we learned form this? What is the Japanese govt doing about the nuclear reactor contamination from last Spring?

48. Arrivederci! Good Bye! Au Revoir! Adios! Cairete! Auf Wiedersehen!
Do Svidaniva = Russia Hello/Goodbye
Cairete!
Auf Wiedersehen!
Do Svidaniya!