1. Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2. Outline we may need to save some topic in lecture Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence HIV viral particle Mechanism of infection Transmission Treatment AIDS Prevention

4. Greater spot nose monkeyRed capped mangabey monkey SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1 Humans

5. Pan troglodytes troglodytes Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1

6. Sooty mangabey monkey Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2

7. HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication

8. HIV

9. HIV-1 PARTICLE

10. The key HIV genes

11. Mechanism of Infection VIRAL RNA PROVIRAL DNA Infects T h cell Integrates into host DNA “activated” LYTIC STAGE storage LYSOGENIC STAGE

12. RETROVIRAL REPLICATION

13. HIV animations http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1601834254601 http:// search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1669495456158 http://www.hivinfosource.org/hivis/hivbasics/animations/index.html

14. T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red

15. HIV and helper T cells HIV-1 HOST CELLS : helper T lymphocyte, macrophages

16. LYTIC STAGE

18. Transmission of HIV

19. Biological fluids –Blood –Sexual transmission (Semen) –Breast milk –Transplant tissues

20. Non-transmitting sources of HIV Tears Saliva Mosquito or insects Swimming pool Food handling

22. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Cocktail Therapy

23. Examples of anti-retroviral drugs Cocktail Drug Mixtures –Protease inhibitors –Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs) –Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) –* Fusion Inhibitors*Fuzeon –Integrase Inhibitors

24. Fusion Inhibitors block Co-receptors on host cell Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle or

25. Co-Receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin) Binds naturally occurring chemokines

26. Prevention Condoms Clean needles Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs Blood screening Abstinence

27. Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease

28. Symptoms of AIDS Decrease T cell count Rapid weight loss Recurring fever and dry cough Profound fatigue Swollen lymph glands

29. Symptoms of AIDS Persistent diarrhea Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat pneumonia memory loss, depression

30. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Opportunistic Diseases and cancer pneumonia Kaposi’s Sarcoma