1. Modal verbs

2.  1. they don’t change in any person  2. question is formed by swapping modals with subject.  3. there are no auxiliaries.  4. they aren’t used with continuous tenses.  5. they are followed by verbs in bare infinitive.  6. They aren’t followed by another modal verb.

3. The modal verbs  I can /may/must we can/may/must  You can /may/must you can/may/must  He/she/it can/may/must they can  Negative  I cannot/ I can’t/ may not/must not  Question  Can I ? /may I? Do I have to? Can we?  Can you? /

4. Usage  1. we use it when talk about someone’s ability, skills. Here we can also use( be able to).  I can speak Russian/ I am able to speak Russian. Can you swim?/Are you able to swim?  2. we use it when we give a permission to someone.  May I use your mobile phone? Yes, you can.  You cannot smoke here.  3. When we give a suggestion  What do you think we should watch?  We could watch the new film with Banderas.

5. Can in the past simple  Can is could  I could swim since I was five.  Could you speak Chinese as a child?  No, I couldn’t. I could only speak Japanese.  He could have come earlier./ Mohol prist skor.

6. Could  1.We use it for asking for a permission.  Could I use your car?  2. we use it when we ask for something.  Could you open the door?  Could you help me?  3. express a possibility of something in the past.  They could have come earlier.

7. May  1.It is used when we ask for a permission.  May I close the door?  2. it is also used when we assume that something will happen.  They may win today.  She may come earlier.

8. Might  It is used when we predict something / we aren’t strongly convinced.  We might be late.  You might succeed.  We express the possibility in the past.  They might have finished yesterday.

9. Should 1.When we give someone advice  You should lose weight.  Should I dump him?  You shouldn’t stay so late.  2. when we criticize someone for what they did.  They should have eaten less.

10. Must and have to  I must/I have to  You must/ you have to  He must/he has to  Question  Do I have to?  Negative  I don’t have to/ I mustn’t-I must not

11. Usage  must/- when we recommend something to someone.  This film is great. You must see it!  Must- isn’t usually used for formal obligations/-in such case we use have to.  I have to do my homework.  You have to finish your work till Friday.

12. Ought to  It’s used for obligation.  You ought to leave him.