2. The Roman Empire

4. The First Triumvirate 60 BC-Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed a triumvirate 60 BC-Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed a triumvirate

6. Julius Caesar 58-50 BC-Caesar conquered Gaul 58-50 BC-Caesar conquered Gaul 50 BC-The senate ordered Caesar to disband his legions and return to Rome 50 BC-The senate ordered Caesar to disband his legions and return to Rome

7. January 10, 49 BC Caesar crossed the Rubicon River in Italy beginning a civil war

8. 44 BC-senate appointed Caesar dictator Caesar governed as an absolute ruler

9. Ides of March Assassinated March 15, 44 BC Stabbed to death in the senate chamber

11. 43 BC-Second Triumvirate Lepidus, Marc Antony and Octavian Lepidus, Marc Antony and Octavian

12. 31 BC-Octavian defeats Antony at the Battle of Actium

13. 27 BC-Octavian became emperor (Augustus)

14. Pax Romana Pax Romana (Roman Peace) 3 million Sq. miles

15. Tiberius 14 AD-Augustus died 14 AD-Augustus died Tiberius becomes Emperor Tiberius becomes Emperor

17. “Bread and Circuses” “Bread and Circuses” Food and Entertainment “Bread and Circuses” Food and Entertainment The government gave daily rations of grain and The government gave daily rations of grain and provided free games, races, and gladiator contests provided free games, races, and gladiator contests

20. By 250 AD-150 holidays a year By 250 AD-150 holidays a year

22. The Roman Empire Brings Change Rome’s increasing wealth and expanding empire brought many problems 60 BC-Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed a triumvirate 58-50 BC- Caesar conquered Gaul 50 BC- The senate ordered Caesar to disband his legions and return to Rome January 10, 49 BC Caesar crossed the Rubicon River in Italy beginning a civil war 44 BC- senate appointed Caesar dictator Caesar governed as an absolute ruler Assassinated March 15, 44 BC Stabbed to death in the senate chamber 43 BC- Second Triumvirate Lepidus, Marc Antony and Octavian 31 BC-Octavian defeats Antony at the Battle of Actium 27 BC-Octavian became emperor (Augustus) 27 BC- 180 AD-Pax Romana (Roman Peace) 3 million Sq. miles 14 AD- Augustus died Tiberius becomes Emperor “Bread and Circuses” Food and Entertainment The government gave daily rations of grain and provided free games, races and gladiator contests. By 250 AD- 150 holidays a year