1. Chapter One: The Beginnings of Civilization Cultures and Values, 7 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Cultures and Values, 7 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

4. Defining “Civilized” Urban life: permanent constructions System of regulatory government Class distinction (wealth and occupation) Tools/skills --> production/trade Written communication Shared system of religious belief ** Not a value judgment! ** Urban life: permanent constructions System of regulatory government Class distinction (wealth and occupation) Tools/skills --> production/trade Written communication Shared system of religious belief ** Not a value judgment! **

5. Origins of Western Civilization Paleolithic World View (Old Stone Age) Art Religion Neolithic Civilizations (Late Stone Age) Domestication of animals Cultivation of vegetation Community War / Weaponry Paleolithic World View (Old Stone Age) Art Religion Neolithic Civilizations (Late Stone Age) Domestication of animals Cultivation of vegetation Community War / Weaponry

6. Ramapithecus and Homo-erectus

9. Breakthroughs that led to “civilization” NEOLITHIC PERIOD Pottery (5000 B.C.E.) Metal became principle material in tools and weapons Breakthroughs that led to “civilization” NEOLITHIC PERIOD Pottery (5000 B.C.E.) Metal became principle material in tools and weapons

10. NEOLITHIC ART Animahut.com slide Scrapetv.com STONEHENGE

11. The Bronze Age (3000-1000 B.C.E.) Mesopotamia Sumerian (3500-2350 B.C.E.) Semitic (2350-612 B.C.E.) Egypt Aegean Cultures Mesopotamia Sumerian (3500-2350 B.C.E.) Semitic (2350-612 B.C.E.) Egypt Aegean Cultures

12. Sumerian Culture Agricultural/Urban settlements “Fertile Crescent” Writing/record-keeping: Cuneiform Shared system of religious belief Civil ruler / Religious rulers Agricultural/Urban settlements “Fertile Crescent” Writing/record-keeping: Cuneiform Shared system of religious belief Civil ruler / Religious rulers

13. Cuneiform examples

14. Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh ruled at Uruk c. 2700 B.C.E. Composed in Sumerian (2000 B.C.E.) on cuneiform tablets Pessimistic work Asserts universal questions about human existence Gilgamesh ruled at Uruk c. 2700 B.C.E. Composed in Sumerian (2000 B.C.E.) on cuneiform tablets Pessimistic work Asserts universal questions about human existence

15. Semitic Culture Akkadian Period King Sargon and descendants (2350-2150 B.C.E.) Focus on HUMAN achievement Gutian invasion / return to tradition Babylonian Legacy King Hammurabi Assyrians Culmination of Mesopotamian culture Akkadian Period King Sargon and descendants (2350-2150 B.C.E.) Focus on HUMAN achievement Gutian invasion / return to tradition Babylonian Legacy King Hammurabi Assyrians Culmination of Mesopotamian culture

20. Fall of Mesopotamia Medes Nomadic warriors Conquered Nineveh in 612 B.C.E. Conquered and absorbed by Persians Persians Nomadic warriors Conquered by Alexander the Great (330 B.C.E.) Medes Nomadic warriors Conquered Nineveh in 612 B.C.E. Conquered and absorbed by Persians Persians Nomadic warriors Conquered by Alexander the Great (330 B.C.E.)