1. Unit A 6-4 Mechanical Systems and Technology

2. Problem Area 6 Agricultural Power Systems

3. Lesson 4 Applying Preventative Maintenance Practices

4. Interest Approach List the reasons why it is important to follow the preventative maintenance schedule

5. Student Learning Objectives Explain the importance of preventative maintenance on engines and equipment Explain the safety practices to follow when servicing equipment Identify common maintenance practices associated with major engine systems

6. Terms Compression gage Flooding Preventative maintenance

7. Performing of practices to keep equipment in good working condition Properly maintaining agricultural equipment requires skill, practice, and quality management

8. Preventative maintenance practices Changing fluids Cleaning components Replacing filters

9. Safety practices Read and follow all instructions in the operator’s manual Know all the safety emblems and warning signs used for agricultural equipment Use protective eyewear, clothing, and footwear

10. Safety practices (continued) Use jackstands, engine stands, and other supports Observe caution around fuels and flammable materials Operate internal combustion engines in well-ventilated areas Place machines in park and lower implements before working on them

11. Safety practices (continued) Work in well-lighted and properly ventilated areas Regularly clean the floor and remove obstacles and fluids Handle batteries safely Keep fire extinguishers and smoke detectors in shop work areas

12. Safety practices (continued) Use caution when working around high pressure Use protective hearing devices when working in loud areas Safely dispose of used fluids

13. Nine safety colors Red – danger Orange – warning Yellow – caution Blue – information Green – safety Black & yellow diagonal lines - radioactivity

14. Nine safety colors (continued) White – direction of traffic flows and segregate work areas White & black stripes – traffic markings Gray – floors or work areas in the shop

15. Nine safety colors

16. Ignition Systems provides the spark for spark ignition engines magneto ignition system magnetic field created by magnets battery ignition system battery or charging system

17. Ignition system checks Inspect the spark plug Insure correct plug is used Gap is set according to specifications Inspect the spark plug wire Make sure it is in place Inspect for bare spots and insure that it is not grounded

18. Ignition System Checks Check the spark output using a spark tester Weak spark or no spark could indicate a bad amature or the wire is grounded. Could be caused by corrosion on the flywheel or armature legs Strong spark Could indicate that the spark timing is off

19. Ignition System Checks Check the flywheel Held in the correct position with the crankshaft by a soft metal key. Subject to shearing if the engine comes to an abrupt start.

20. Checking the flywheel key Remove the shroud from the engine. Take off the screen and remove the flywheel nut using the correct tools. Inspect the flywheel. A sheared or partially sheared key should be apparent. To replace the key, the flywheel will have to be removed by using special pullers that will not cause the flywheel to break. To pull the flywheel, remove the crankshaft nut, install and tighten the puller, and tap the center bolt of the puller with a light blow. The impact of the blow should cause the wheel to pop off of the tapered shaft. Replace the defective key in the key way and reassemble the unit.

21. Parts of a spark plug

22. Fuel system checks Insure that there is gas in the gas tank Check the spark plug for gasoline If the odor of gasoline is present on the plug or in the cylinder, the fuel system is probably working correctly. If the spark plug is wet and shows sign of moisture, it could be fouled and should be dried or replaced Check the flow of gas from the fuel tank to the carburetor

23. Fuel System Checks If the spark plug does not smell of gasoline, the flow of gas from the fuel tank to the carburetor should be checked. Inspect for blockages in the fuel line or carburetor. The diaphragm of the carburetor may be torn. This prevents the gas from being transferred from the fuel line to the carburetor. Flooding is an excessive amount of gasoline in the carburetor. It may be caused by applying the choke for too long. Allowing the engine to sit for a few minutes permits the excess gasoline to be dispersed.

24. Parts of a carburetor

25. Compression system checks Compression gage – determines compression pressure of the cylinder The compression gage should be used to check each cylinder. If the compression system is weak or defective, a decision has to be made whether to replace or overhaul the engine

26. Liquid cooling system checks Check the hoses and belts for leaks and cracks Maintain the proper coolant level Keep the system clean Use recommended coolant Pressurize the system and check for leaks Check the specific gravity of the coolant Check the condition of the fan

27. Air cooling system checks Remove dirt that can clog air passages Make sure the precleaner is in place Check the fan Makes sure all shrouds are in place

28. Lubrication system checks Check the engine oil level Change the oil and filters

29. Oil Change Procedures Make sure the machine or engine is in a safe level position. Operate the engine until it has warmed up. Shut off the engine and remove the drain plug. The draining oil should be caught in a safe container so that the oil can be recycled. Allow the oil to drain for several minutes. Clean dirt from the oil filter area and remove the filter.

30. Oil Change Procedures Install a new filter. Be sure the filter gasket is oiled and properly installed. The filter should not be over tightened. Fill the crankcase with the recommended amount of oil. Start the engine and allow it to run for about two minutes. Check to make sure the system has the correct operating pressure. Check the engine for leaks After shutting the engine off and waiting several minutes, recheck the engine oil level.

31. Air intake system checks Connect a vacuum gage to the intake manifold Allow the engine to run for a few minutes Record the gage reading with the engine operating Compare the readings to the manufacturer’s specifications Inspect the intake system for possible restrictions and leaks

32. Review/Summary Why is it important to practice preventative maintenance on engines and equipment? What are the safety rules to follow when servicing agricultural equipment? What are some common maintenance practices carried out on engine systems?