1. COMP102 Lab 111 COMP 102 Programming Fundamentals I Presented by : Timture Choi

2. COMP102 Lab 112 Structure Structure – User defined data types Collection of related data items  Possibly of different types In C++  Called struct  Can be composed of data of different types Array Can contain only data of the same type

3. COMP102 Lab 113 Structure E.g. Student record  Student id, name, major, gender, start year, … Bank account  Account number, name, currency, balance, … Address book  Name, address, telephone number, …

4. COMP102 Lab 114 Structure Individual components of a struct type Called members (or fields) Members can be of different types int, float, double, char, array, or even another struct A struct is named as a whole While individual members are named using field identifiers Complex data structures Can be formed by defining arrays of structs

5. COMP102 Lab 115 struct Basics Definition of a structure E.g. struct { ; … }; struct date { int day; int month; int year; }; struct studentRecord { char gender; int id; char dept[5]; char name[20]; };

6. COMP102 Lab 116 struct Basics Declaration of a variable of struct type Syntax  ; E.g. studentRecord student1, student2;  student1 and student2 are variables of studentRecord type

7. COMP102 Lab 117 struct Basics The members of a struct type variable are accessed with the dot (. ) operator Syntax . ; E.g. student1.gender = 'M'; student1.id = 12345; strcpy(student1.dept, "COMP"); strcpy(student1.name, "Chan Tai Man");

8. COMP102 Lab 118 struct Basics Overview

9. COMP102 Lab 119 struct-to-struct Assignment The values contained in one struct type variable Can be assigned to another variable  Of the same struct type E.g. student1 = student2; E.g.

10. COMP102 Lab 1110 Nested Structures Nest structures inside structures E.g. struct point{ double x, y; }; point P; struct line{ point p1, p2; }; line L; struct triangle{ point p1, p2, p3; }; triangle T; (P.x, P.y) (L.p1.x, L.p1.y) (L.p2.x, L.p2.y) (T.p2.x, T.p2.y) (T.p1.x, T.p1.y) (T.p3.x, T.p3.y) line p1 p2 x y

11. COMP102 Lab 1111 Arrays of Structures An array of structs Multiple types of data in each array element E.g. studentRecord class[100]; class[98].gender = 'M'; class[98].id = 12345; strcpy(class[98].dept, "COMP"); strcpy(class[98].name, "Chan Tai Man"); class[0] = class[98];

12. COMP102 Lab 1112 Arrays inside structures We can use arrays inside structures E.g. Assign values to sq using the given square struct square { point vertex[4]; }; … square sq;

13. COMP102 Lab 1113 Initialize Data of struct Type Using assignment during declaration E.g. // student record struct StudentRecord { double totalgrade; char name[name_size]; char id[id_size]; int grade[no_grades]; }; StudentRecord student1 = { 0.0, "CHAN Tai Man", "123456", {80, 67, 34, 67} };

14. COMP102 Lab 1114 Enumerated Type The enumerated type ( enum ) Derived from the integer type Each integer value is given an identifier  Called an enumeration constant Syntax enum type_name {enumeration_constants}; type_name variable_name;

15. COMP102 Lab 1115 Enumerated Type E.g. enum days {mon, tue, wed, thur, fri, sat, sun}; days day_of_week; // normal expression day_of_week = wed; // ERROR: miss match type day_of_week = 0; // CORRECT: 0 is converted to days day_of_week = (days) 0; // Use enumeration constant as an integer int x = tue; // same as x = 3; int day[7]; day[tue] = 0; // same as day[1] = 0;

16. COMP102 Lab 1116 enum and struct E.g. enum suit {club, diamond, heart, spade}; struct card { suit cardSuit; int value; };

17. COMP102 Lab 1117 SUMMARY By the end of this lab, you should be able to: Declare and use of struct type  Nested structure  Array of struct Declare and use of enum type