1. Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

2. Wake-up 1.Find the amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA: TAC GGC CCA AAA CTC AGC

3. Mutations

4. What is a mutation? Change in the DNA nitrogen base sequence of a gene

5. What causes mutations????

6. How do Mutations Occur? Errors in DNA Replication Replication

7. How do Mutations Occur? Damaged DNA caused by agents such as sunlight, smoke, radiation

8. Category of Mutation: Point Change in one base of the DNA sequence. Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat

9. Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia

11. Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation

12. Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia Story (Beginning to 3:00)

13. Category of Mutation: Frameshift Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting in a different sequence of DNA. Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at

14. Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation

15. Tay Sachs Symptoms: VideoVideo

16. Example of Frameshift Mutation: Tay Sachs

17. Blame it on DNA: Review Song

18. Wake-up 1.What are two causes of mutations? 2.Which type of mutation, point or frameshift, does the most “damage” to the protein/amino acid sequence. 3.Explain why.

19. Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP

20. Mutated Example of Substitution DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP

21. Type of Mutations: Substitution Change in one base of the DNA sequence which causes a change in amino acid.

22. Mutated Example of Insertion/Addition DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A Amino acid : Met Leu Ala Val Val

23. Type of Mutations: Insertion/Addition Addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence

24. Mutated Example of Deletion DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA Amino acid : Met Leu Arg Gly

25. Type of Mutations: Deletion The removal of one or more bases in DNA