1. Middle East How does location impact their way of life?

2. Water Problems in the Middle East Pollution Poor sanitary conditions Leaks from oil/petroleum pipeline and ships Agricultural waste

3. Water Problems in the Middle East Afghanistan Oil Spill in Lebanon Plowing in the Middle East

4. Water Problems in the Middle East Shortages caused by: Climate – there are many deserts in the area Population – there has been tremendous growth in this area

5. Water Problems in the Middle East Effects of Shortage Countries rely on desalination to get fresh water. Saudi Al-Khobar Desalination Plant - Alarife Urban Associates

6. Water Problems in the Middle East Effects of Shortage Israel gets water from the Sea of Galilee Above – Physical map of water in Israel Left – a gauge showing the height of the Sea of Galilee

7. Water Problems in the Middle East Unequal Distribution Agriculture suffers because lands can’t be irrigated People have to do without for drinking, cleaning, working, etc. Countries without major rivers must find other ways to generate electricity. Above: Saudi fields can exist in the desert only with intensive irrigation. Desertification in Iraq Energy Production Comparison

8. Water Problems in the Middle East

9. Countries Dispute Over “Water Rights” Euphrates River – flows through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq Turkey and Syria have built dams on the river. This means less water for Iraq.

10. Water Problems in the Middle East Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq

11. Effects of Oil on the Middle East Economy Government has benefitted from oil income Area was able to modernize by building Airports Communication systems Oil pipelines Roads People left small villages and moved to large cities Saddam's Palace Dubbai

12. Effects of Oil on the Middle East Society Standard of living rose – people had more money to spend on goods Other countries invest in the Middle East Opened new businesses People came to work in the area

13. Effects of Oil on the Middle East Society Education became available to all citizens Schools were opened Literacy rates improved

14. Effects of Oil on the Middle East Problems Wars have been fought over oil in Southwest Asia Damaged rigs and pipelines during warfare has caused pollution to water and air.

15. Effects of Oil on the Middle East