1. Homework Imp #7 due tomorrow Test on Imperialism Wednesday – 25 Multiple Choice – 2 Short Answers (out of 3 choices)

2. Aim #6: How was China opened up to Imperialism? January 7, 2015

3. I. Build-up to Conflict A.Qing/Manchu Dynasty – Rules China from 1644-1911. Does not encourage foreign trade: - China doesn’t need it: Has thriving agriculture, extensive mining and manufacturing. - China sees itself as the Middle Kingdom – - British are only allowed to trade at the port of Guangzhou. China earns much more from what it sells (tea) than the British do from what they sell. How are the British going to feel about this situation?

4. I. Build-up to Conflict B. In the early 1800s, the British finally find a product the Chinese will buy in large quantities → opium (highly addictive drug). By 1835, 12 million people in China are addicted to it. What can the Chinese do to stop the sale of opium?

5. II. The Opium Wars (1839-1842) A.When Britain refuses to stop trading opium, the Chinese destroyed an opium shipment at Guangzhou. In response, the British attack Chinese port cities. Three years of war follow. B.China is defeated, forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842): - British gain the island of Hong Kong. Keep it until 1997! - Extraterritorial Rights – The British are now allowed to trade at five Chinese ports besides Guangzhou.

6. III. Other Nations Step In A.By the late 19 th century, China’s problems (like the Taiping Rebellion) and weak, corrupt government were well-known. B.European countries and Japan start taking more control over China’s economy. They formed spheres of influence (region in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment). How are spheres of influence different from colonies? Which important country does NOT have a sphere of influence?

7. III. Other Nations Step In C. Open Door Policy: United States demands that China be open to merchants of all nations, not divided up into pieces where only one country is allowed to trade. Protects American trading rights in China, and ensures that China does not become colonized.

8. IV. The Boxer Rebellion A.Poor Chinese peasants and workers called Boxers want modernization and resent that Europeans and Christian missionaries have so much power. B.Boxer Rebellion (1900): The Boxers surround the European section of Beijing to wipe out the foreigners. Europeans defend themselves for 55 days until an army of 20,000 soldiers (from 8 countries) arrive and defeat the Boxers.

9. Concluding Question Even though the Chinese lost the Boxer Rebellion, why will this be a turning point in Chinese history?