1. YOUR CONSTITUTION Preamble Articles I – VII Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments) Rest of amendments – 27 How we write places Roman numeral for Article, # for section and period with number to represent a paragraph Practice: I,8.5 Power to coin money

2. COMPROMISES TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION Delegates sent to Philadelphia Actually need entirely new government Agreements for the Constitutional Convention Need 9/13 Total secrecy in Philadelphia The founding fathers (AKA: the Framers) – an elite, educated, and “radical” bunch

3. ORGANIZATION OF THIS LECTURE 3 sets of compromises Each with Debate Compromises in the US Constitution Implications of the compromises

4. LARGE VS SMALL STATES The issues: representation and taxation (power) Less populous states wanted states equally represented in the legislative branch More populous states wanted states represented in the legislative branch based on their population’s size New Jersey vs Virginia Plans Connecticut Compromise (AKA: Great Compromise) Bicameral legislature The House of Representatives (based on population) The Senate (two Senators from each state) Another perk: intrabranch checks and balances

5. THE GREAT COMPROMISE IN THE CONSTITUTION I,1: I,2.1: I,3.1:

6. IMPLICATIONS OF THE COMPROMISE Plenty of debate and deliberation in our legislative body Gridlock

7. FEDERALISTS VS ANTI- FEDERALISTS The issues: National (Congressional) power and state sovereignty Governmental structure Protection of individual liberty

8. FEDERALIST VS ANTI-FEDERALISTS COMPROMISES IN THE CONSTITUTION Federalists I,8 (Enumerated Powers) VI,2 (Supremacy Clause) I,10 (Denied Powers) Anti-Federalists I,9 (Denied Powers/Individual Rights) The 10 th Amendment (Reserved Powers) The Bill of Rights (delayed)

9. IMPLICATIONS OF THIS COMPROMISE Ambiguity Continuing tension between federal and state governments Politics today (education, marriage, gun laws, legalization, etc)

10. FREE STATES VS SLAVE STATES The issues: slavery and property rights Not really a compromise Resolved by the Civil War

11. FREE STATES VS SLAVE STATES COMPROMISES IN THE CONSTITUTION I,2.3: I,9.1: IV,2.3:

12. IMPLICATIONS OF THE COMPROMISES Slavery continued …Civil War

13. NEEDED 9/13 STATES TO AGREE Overlapping and divided interests from each state made this a complicated negotiation The negotiation continues...