1. Reproduction Miss Tonnessen

2. Terms to Know Eggs or ova—female reproductive cells Sperm—male reproductive cells Zygotes—fertilized eggs Mitosis—simple cell division for growth Meiosis—formation of gametes Gametes—sex cells Sex-linked—traits controlled by genes that are located on sex chromosomes

3. Terms to Know Testosterone—male sex hormone Estrogen—regulates female heat period Estrus—heat period Progesterone—prevents estrus during pregnancy Ovulation—process of releasing a mature egg from the ovaries Fetus—embryo attaches itself to the uterine wall

4. Terms to Know Gestation—time period between fertilization and birth Vagina—serves as passageway for the sperm cells Vulva—external opening Vas defernes—carries the sperm Penis—deposit the sperm cells into female reproductive tract

5. Term to Know Seminal vesicles—secrete seminal fluid Testes—produce testosterone Spermatic cord—attach testes to the body Scrotum—protect testes Freemartin—sterile female Sterile—inability to reproduce Semen—composed of sperm cells and accompanying fluids

6. Methods of Breeding Natural ◦ Male and Female ◦ Breed during period of estrus ◦ Bring the male to the female  Vice versa

7. Methods of Breeding Artificial Insemination ◦ AI ◦ Semen is collected from the male and inserted into female reproductive tract  Can be used fresh or stored in liquid nitrogen for alter use ◦ Can be diluted and used to breed many females at a time ◦ Greatly reduces the need to keep male animals around  Reduces danger and cost

8. Methods of Breeding In-vitro mating ◦ Occurs outside the animal’s body ◦ Mature eggs are flushed from the female ◦ Fertilized by sperm cells collected from male ◦ Placed in host females for development into offspring