1. T HE R OOTS OF P ROGRESSIVISM Section 1

2. P ROGRESSIVE E RA 1890-1920 Progressivism-collection of different ideas and activities Was not a tightly organized political movement with specific reforms Many different views on how to fix problems Generally believed that industrialism and urbanization created social problems Government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems

3. B EGINNINGS OF P ROGRESSIVISM Reaction to laissez-faire economics Reformers didn’t believe free market had ability to fix problems especially after seeing poverty of working class and filth and crime in urban areas Reformers didn’t believe government could fix problems either Government had to be fixed before it could fix other problems Strong faith in science and technology Light bulb Telephone Sky scrappers Believed using scientific principals could produce solutions for society

5. M UCKRAKERS Muckrakers- group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption Competed against each other to see who could expose the most corruption Concentrated on exposing what they considered to be unfair practices of large American corporations Ida Tarbell- published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company Others targeted government Graham Philips- described how money influenced the Senate Lincoln Steffens- reported on vote stealing and other corrupt practices of urban political machines

6. C ONT. Others concentrated on social problems Jacob Riis- wrote an influential book called How the Other Half Lives Described the poverty, disease, and crime that existed in many immigrant neighborhoods These articles led to a general public debate on social and economic problems and put pressure on politicians to introduce reforms

7. M AKING G OVERNMENT E FFICIENT Many types of progressivism One group focused on making government more efficient Believed problems with society would be fixed if government worked properly Progressives believed business had become more efficient by applying the principles of scientific management Frederick Taylor’s book, The Principles of Scientific Management, described how a company could become more efficient by managing time, breaking tasks down into small parts, and using standardized tools

8. C ONT. Didn’t want more democracy in government Believed that led to more compromise and corruption When it came to managing a modern city it required experts, not politicians Most American cities the mayor or city council chose the heads of city department Commission plan- city’s government would be divided into several departments, which would each be placed under the control of an expert commissioner. Many cities bought in to the plan

9. L ABORATORY OF D EMOCRACY Robert La Follette- Wisconsin governor who used his office to attack the way political parties ran their conventions Party bosses controlled the selection of convention delegates and the candidates who were chosen for office Direct primary- all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election Progressives from other states pushed for similar electoral changes Initiative- allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required legislature to vote on it Referendum- allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval Recall- allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his/her term expired

10. T HE S UFFRAGE M OVEMENT 1848 Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY First priority should be getting women the right to vote, this movement became known as the suffrage movement Suffrage- right to vote Suffrage movement got off to a slow start Split into 2 groups National Woman Suffrage Association- focus on passing a constitutional amendment allowing women suffrage American Woman Suffrage Association- strategy was to convince state governments to give women right to vote before trying to amend the Constitution

11. C ONT. The split reduced the movement’s effectiveness 1878 a constitutional amendment was introduced to Congress granting women right to vote but it failed 1900 Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado were the only states allowing women full voting rights

12. B UILDING S UPPORT 1890 the two groups joined together to form National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Didn’t make gains until around 1910 Problem was women were not politically active Progressive movement got more women active Needed to vote to promote social reforms they favored Needed to vote to ensure passage of labor laws protecting women Women began lobbying lawmakers, organizing marches, and delivering speeches

13. C ONT. March 3, 1913, the day before President Wilson’s inauguration, women marched to Washington to draw attention to their cause Alice Paul- organized the march and wanted to force President Wilson to take action on suffrage NAWSA was upset with Paul for her actions NAWSA wanted to negotiate with Wilson Paul left NAWSA and formed National Woman’s Party Supporters picketed the White House, blocked sidewalks, chained themselves to lampposts, and went on hunger strikes if arrested

14. C ONT. Carrie Chapman Catt- new leader of NAWSA Mobilize the suffrage movement nation-wide in a final push to gain voting rights NAWSA supported Wilson in the 1916 election Wilson didn’t endorse a woman suffrage amendment but he did support the Democratic Party’s call for states to give women the vote

15. 19 TH A MENDMENT August 26, 1920 the 19 th Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote went into effect

16. T HE CAMPAIGN A GAINST C HILD L ABOR 1900 over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home 1904 the National Child Labor Committee abolished child labor Minimum age for employment was passed in law Maximum hours for children were established At the same time state began requiring children to go to school instead of work The women or wives now had to go to work since the children were not working

17. P ROHIBITION M OVEMENT Many progressives blamed alcohol for many problems Temperance movement- advocated the moderation or elimination of alcohol Women led the temperance movement for the most part Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Prohibition- laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol