1. Informational Text - Cohen and Cowan - Chapter 9

2. What is Informational Text?  Expository text  Magazines  Lists  Guides  How-to books  Newspapers  Menus  Maps  Schedules  Cookbooks  Pamphlets  Charts & Graphs

3. Research tells us:  Elementary children love it; can retell and discuss  4 th grade drop > introduced too suddenly too late  Adults read 75% more than fiction  96% on Internet = informational text  1 st graders write & read better if exposed to: 1/3 INFORMATIONAL 1/3 NARRATIVE  1/3 POETRY  Combo helps low literacy learners

4. More research:  Easier for ELL’s  Easier for learning disabilities readers

5. Informational Text Features To help locate info quickly: (See figure 10-1 pp. 454-5)  Print Features  Graphic aids  Organizational aids

6. Print Features  Bold  Colored  Special font  Italics  Old fashioned type  Cursive

7. Visual & Graphic Aids  Table of Contents  Index  Glossary

8. Descriptive Text Structure  No clue words  Most difficult  Visual map helps  Graphic organizers

9. Listing Text & Sequencing  Clue words:  First, then, before, after, not long, finally  Helped by visual clue:  Time line (vertical)  Sequence time

10. Response (Probem/solution) Structure  Presents problem or question  Followed by solution or answer  Clue words: the problem is, the question is, one reason for, a solution

11. Comparison Text Structure  Reader notes:  Similarities  Differences  Visual tools help  (Graphic Organizers)  Social Studies and science textbooks  Clue words: unlike, different from, same as, similar to

12. Strategies to Help Comprehension Steps to use: 1. explicit description of strategy 2. Model then practice 3. Practice collaboratively 4. Guided practice 5. Independent use with constant feedback

13. DRTA  Directed Reading Thinking Activity  Preview to predict  Read, take notes, check predictions  Review text and write summary

14. SQ3R  Survey  Ask questions  Read  Retell  Review

15. Guided Lecture Procedure  Young children CAN get ready for note taking  Teacher models on chart  Collaborative to group to independence  Learn to listen and take notes

16. Two-Column Notes  For note taking  Left column: main ideas  Right column: details

17. Outlining & Visual Tools  Formal and informal  Relate to table of contents  Teach it helps to study

18. Causation & Cause-Effect Structure Relationships between ideas Clue words: because, since, as a result, consequently, therefore  “Time lines” help  Graphic organizers  (Horizontal)