1. Dietary Supplements Amy Zawadi Kaplan University

2. Dietary Supplements a vitamin a mineral an herb or other botanical an amino acid a dietary substance for use by people to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract (FDA, N.d.)

3. Your First Supplements

4. How are supplements regulated? The FDA is responsible for seeing to it that supplements on the market are not harmful, and do not make false claims on the packaging (NIH, 7/12013). The FDA does NOT see to it that supplements are consistent in potency, nor do they go through the kind of testing that medications do. No governing body does that (ConsumerReports.org, N.d.).

5. But isn't a supplement medication? Drugs are legally defined as intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease (ConsumerReports.org, N.d.). Supplements specifically are not. Supplements do have therapeutic effects, and can interfere with anesthesia, or interact badly with other medications (ConsumerReports.org, N.d.).

6. Who to trust? Contains the ingredients listed on the label, in the declared potency and amounts Does not contain harmful levels of specified contaminants Will break down and release into the body within a specified amount of time Has been made according to FDA current Good Manufacturing Practices using sanitary and well- controlled procedures (USP, N.d.)

7. USP Verified Companies Banner Pharmacaps Inc. IVC Nutrition Corporation International Vitamin Corporation Joun Health Inc. Pharmavite LLC  Nature Made® brand supplements Robinson Pharma Inc. Schiff Nutrition Schiff® brand supplements Perrigo Company of South Carolina Natural Factors Nutritional Products NBTY Inc. Uni-caps, LLC WePackItAll (USP, N.d.)

8. How to use supplements safely Talk to your doctor Take care if you are on medications Follow the label instructions Talk to your doctor Take care if you are going to have surgery, as some supplements interact with anesthesia Take care if you are pregnant or nursing TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR (NCCAM, N.d.)

9. Keeping Up To Date http://nccam.nih.gov/news/alerts

10. What are some effective supplements? http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/

11. Multivitamin Most popular supplement (ConsumerReports.org, N.d.) Contain many different supplements in a single dose. Each one must be researched to know its specific effects (NIH, 1/7/2013). Pregnant women and those with chronic diseases are recommended to take them. Many simply take one to be certain of achieving the day's nutritional recommendation, but it is possible to have too much.

12. Calcium Who should take it?  Post-menopausal women  Lactose Intolerant  Vegans What is it good for? Reducing risks of:  Osteoporosis  High blood pressure  Cancer Taking too much may lead to:  Kidney stones  Low iron  Prostate cancer(NIH, 3/19/2013)

13. Vitamin C Who should take it?  Smokers  Limited diet What is it good for? Preventing/treating:  Cancer  Cardiovascular disease  Cataracts  Scurvy You forgot the cold!  Not exactly preventative. Helpful. Too much can cause diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps. Can also interfere with chemotherapy. (NIH, 2011)

14. Thank you!

15. Resources ConsumerReports.org. (N.d.) Nutritional Supplements: Your Questions Answered. Retrieved from http://www.consumerreports.org/health/free- highlights/manage-your-health/supplements_questions.htm on June 6, 2014. Food and Drug Administration. (N.d.) What is a Dietary Supplement? Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm195635.htm on June 9, 2014. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (N.d.) Using Dietary Supplements Wisely. Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/supplements/wiseuse.htm on June 10, 2014. National Institutes of Health. (January 7, 2013.) Multivitamin/mineral supplements. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS- QuickFacts/ on June 10, 2014. National Institutes of Health. (March 19, 2013.) Calcium. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-QuickFacts/ on June 10, 2014.

16. Resources (con't.) National Institutes of Health. (June 24, 2011.) Vitamin C. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-QuickFacts/ on June 10, 2014. National Institutes of Health. (July 1, 2013.) Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/Health_Information/ODS_Frequently_Asked_Que stions.aspx on June 6, 2014. U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention. (N.d.) About USP. Retrieved from http://www.usp.org/about-usp on June 10, 2014.