1. MIGRATION &

2. Something that pushes you out of a country Something that pulls you towards a country PushPull WHAT ARE PUSH AND PULL FACTORS?

3. You are an Ioan from Jupiter’s moon, Io...

4. There were very few Ioans on the moon of Io so you always had enough food to eat.

5. There was much land on Io to explore and settle

6. Everyone even had a job!

7. But then the population of Io began growing fast

8. Technology on Io developed so quickly that machines began to do most of the work

9. Soon there were no jobs available on Io because there were too many people and too many machines

10. To make things worse, there was one year with terrible weather

11. Because of the storms, lots of Ioan farms were destroyed – there wasn’t enough food on Io!

12. There was much discontent as Ioans became desperate for food and work.

13. The Ioan king enacted strict laws to bring the population under control – no longer could you speak your mind or be out on the street after 7pm

14. You knew it was time to leave Io

15. So you heard of a new planet far away called, “Earth”

16. On earth there was lots of food…

17. And land…

18. And no strict laws – Earthians were free…

19. And lots of jobs!

20. So you took off, to a place where nobody spoke Ioan, to a place you’d never seen

21. What Push Factors motivated you to leave Io

22. What Pull Factors motivated you to leave Io

25. During the mid-19 th century, a potato fungus entered Ireland causing the Great Famine. Potato crops failed year after year changing the social landscape across the country. The failure of farms led to high unemployment and lots of Irish people were unable to marry or raise children because of the poverty they lived in. Furthermore, jobs across the countryside began to change as farms looked for new ways to use machinery. THE IRISH

26. What Push Factors motivated the Irish to leave Ireland? THE IRISH

27. The Italian constitution of 1861 heavily favored the northern provinces of Italy. This made economic conditions in southern Italy very difficult as heavy taxes made it nearly impossible for southern Italian farmers and businessmen prosper. Moreover, southern Italian territory suffered from a scarcity of fertile land, coal and iron. To make matters worse, southern Italy became a victim of two volcano eruptions (Vesuvius and Etna) and an earthquake/tidal wave that killed over 100,000 people (1908). THE ITALIANS

28. What Push Factors motivated the Italians to leave Italy? THE ITALIANS

29. In an effort to stop the opium trade in China, the Qing Dynasty went to war with Britain twice in what were known as the Opium Wars. Furthermore, the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) caused 14 years of civil war in China that devastated its land, economy and social peace. THE CHINESE

30. What Push Factors motivated the Chinese to leave China? THE CHINESE

31. In Russia under the reign of Tsar Alexander II, pogroms (mob attacks) against Jews were a frequent part of rural life. Even certain types of Christians, such as the Molokans, were treated as heretics by the Orthodox government and society. Life under the Romanov dynasty could be very dangerous if you did not agree with the politics of the Tsar. Although the Russian Empire was huge, much of the land was difficult to farm due to frigid temperatures and less fertile soil. Pressed for good land, many Russians had to find a new life elsewhere. THE RUSSIANS

32. What Push Factors motivated the Russians to leave Russia? THE RUSSIANS

33. THE UNITED STATES What Pull Factors motivated people to come to the USA?

34. The Industrial Revolution led to a high supply of Jobs: Factory jobs Farm jobs Service jobs The construction of infrastructure led to high demand for workers across the continent Railroad network America was full of abundant resources California Gold Rush ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

36. The Homestead Act (1862) makes the purchase and transfer of land cheaper and easier for anyone Much fertile land that was open for cultivation Large amounts of urban living space due to tremendous growth of American cities LAND

37. FREEDOM Unlike many other nations around the world in the 19 th Century, the United States was a democracy Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom to travel anywhere within the borders and out The United States was also politically stable Civil War crisis had been resolved Orderly political transitions No internal wars or rebellions

38. Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! “The New Colossus” – Emma Lazarus