1. Chapter 12 Section 1

2. The Rise of Industry Industrial Revolution began in America in the early 1800s After the Civil War industry rapidly expanded Late 1800s the United States was the worlds leading industrial nation

3. Natural Resources US had a vast number of natural resources –Timber, Coal, Iron, and Copper Edwin Drake –Drilled the first oil well near Pennsylvania

4. A Large Workforce Between 1860 and 1910 the US population tripled 2 main reasons –Large Families –Flood of immigrants

5. New Inventions Alexander Graham Bell –Scottish Immigrant –1876 invented the first telephone –Bell Telephone Company became American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) Thomas Alva Edison –1877 invented the phonograph –1879 invented the electric generator and the light bulb –Began supplying electric power to New York City –Edison General Electric Company (now known as GE)

6. New Inventions George Westinghouse –Invented an air brake system for railroads –All cars’ brakes applied brakes at the same time

7. Technology’s Impact Thaddeus Lowe –Ice machine Gustavus Swift –Shipped the first refrigerated load of fresh meat in 1877 Cyrus Field –Telegraph Cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1866 –Provided instant contact between the United States and Europe

8. Free Enterprise Laissez-faire –French Phrase “let people do as they choose” –Government should not interfered in the economy –Relies on supply and demand to regulate wages and prices Entrepreneurs People who risk their capital to organize and run businesses Morrill Tariff –Increased Tariff rates