Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDella Lang Modified over 9 years ago
1
Constitution and New Republic, 1776-1800
2
Philadelphia Convention 1787 Washington agrees to preside only after Shays’ Rebellion Complete overhaul of federal gov’t on the agenda Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation obvious Fear of centralized gov’t still strong
3
Madison and the Virginia Plan Madison, Randolph and other Virginians dominate early proceedings Executive, legislative, and judicial branches called for by Randolph –Bicameral Congress (2 houses) Lower house by population Lower chooses upper house
4
Small States Respond (New Jersey Plan) Patterson calls for unicameral Congress (one house) –Equal representation for all states –Increased taxing/interstate power VA Plan supporters knew they had to compromise with the small states to ensure ratification
5
The Great Compromise Bicameral Congress created –House of Reps. (Lower House) elected based on population 3/5 compromise –Senate (Upper House) equal representation for all states
6
Dodging the Issue Southern delegates worry about the legality of slavery and the fed. gov’t interfering with it Slave trade allowed to continue until 1808 No heavy taxing on imported slaves
7
Federalists Hamilton, Madison, and Jay publish The Federalist Papers Thought a stronger, more centralized gov’t was needed Abandoned the ideas of the Articles of Confederation Feared chaos and the power of the people
8
Anti-Federalists Jefferson led this group Feared concentrated power Trusted the will of the people Thought Constitution was too removed from the people Demanded a bill of rights
9
Bill of Rights Appeased the Anti-Federalists #1-9 stop Congress from impinging on rights #10 Powers not mentioned reserved to the state gov’ts
10
Washington takes the oath of office
11
Washington’s Presidency Received all electoral votes Adams (Federalist) becomes Vice President Remained “neutral” in politics (actually, supported Federalists)
12
Forming the First Cabinet Hamilton –Sec. of Treasury Knox –Sec. of War Randolph –Attorney General Jefferson –Sec. of State Tried to balance regions and viewpoints Rift develops between Hamilton and Jefferson
13
Hamilton’s Financial Program Washington supported Tried to gain support of the elite Gov’t should assume public debt and state debt Taxes raised by whiskey tax Create a National Bank to stabilize financial structure
14
Opposition to Federalist Program VA protests assuming state debts –Future capital is moved to Washington DC as compromise Small farmers protest taxes National Bank –“Loose” interpretation of Constitution troubled Jefferson, Madison, and others –Passed over protests
15
Beginnings of Political Parties Constitution does not mention parties Washington opposed them These early squabbles created allies and enemies Federalists Republicans (Anti-Federalist)
16
Securing the Frontier Northwest Ordinance was not enough Land claims sorted out Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania put down by federal gov’t. when President Washington sent federal troops to stop it
17
Whiskey Rebellion Flag
18
Foreign Difficulties Britain and France engaged in war American neutrality declared –“Citizen Genet” –British impressment –Jay’s Treaty w/ Britain (Federalist influenced) –Pinckney’s Treaty w/ Spain (US can use the Mississippi)
19
Pinckney’s Treaty
20
John Adams’ Presidency Washington’s Farewell Address One-term Federalist, elected in 1796 over Jefferson (became VP) Federalists were splintering
21
The Quasi War with France XYZ Affair outrages Americans Undeclared naval warfare Eventually tensions cool
22
Alien and Sedition Acts Federalists attempt to quiet Republican Opposition Alien Act –Harder for foreigners (tended to be Republican) to become citizens Sedition Act –Punished anti-gov’t activities (writings and otherwise)
23
The “Revolution” of 1800 Rematch from 1796 Bitter campaigns Jefferson elected after 36 counts Republicans now control executive and legislative branches of gov’t. Federalists control judicial branch –Adams appoints “midnight” judges
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.