1. Colorado Space Grant Consortium Gateway To Space ASEN / ASTR 2500 Class #14 Gateway To Space ASEN / ASTR 2500 Class #14

2. One minute:

3. Announcements:

4. Announcements:

5. Announcements:

6. Announcements:

7. -Announcements -CDR Presentation Template -One Minute Reports -Launch Vehicles -Next Classes - CDR Today:

8. - Grades will be posted on Tuesday morning Announcements:

9. - Slides are due next Tuesday at 8:00 for all teams -Each team will have 9 minutes + 5 minutes for Q/A -Teams 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 will present on Tuesday -Teams 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 will present on Thursday -Movies do not embed in powerpoint and make sure it is in *.ppt format. -37 days until launch Critical Design Review:

10. - Marv Luttges CDR General Comments:

11. One Minute Reports: Rocket History II - Where is Rocket History now? - If we need to order more hardware later, can we? - How do we get cohesion in our group? - Is the HOBO necessary? - How does attitude control work on a rocket? - What is the best way to cut foam core?

12. - BalloonSats are commonly made of foam core - Foam core is a simple, low cost composite panel - You will use hot glue and Xacto knives to create your box - There is a OK way of building with foam core - Cut individual pieces and glue them together - This way works but is not the best and requires more “belts and suspenders” Hands-on: Construction and Integration

13. BalloonSat Construction: - There is a BETTER way of building with foam core - Requires algebra and geometry - See paper in back of your course book -

14. BalloonSat Construction: - When cutting foam core, remember you are cutting through three layers - Best to cut each layer individually - Go slow, use metal edge ruler - Be mindful

15. - Step 1: Layout box design on foam core sheet In the interest of time, each team will be given a pre-traced foam board (black with labels) BalloonSat Construction:

17. - Step 2: Cut it out

18. BalloonSat Construction: - Step 2: Cut it out

19. - Draw center lines between inner and outer lines - All edge cuts are at 45 degree angles to the centerline - Cut inside edges first and only through top paper and foam not bottom paper (hinge) - Cut outside edges last but all the way through - Go Slow and don’t cut the tables - Please dispose of Xacto blades properly Hands-on: Construction and Integration

21. - Cut holes for switch and camera lens - Cut hole through center for balloon attachment tube Hands-on: Construction and Integration

22. BalloonSat Construction: - Step 3: Practice integration and make modifications Hold box together and figure out how much insulation you want to use. Will affect how your components sit in box

23. BalloonSat Construction: - Step 4: Glue it together and strengthen corners - Your template was designed using the “Better Method” - After gluing, cover you seams with aluminum tape - Please don’t go overboard, weight is still an issue

24. BalloonSat Construction: - Step 4: Glue it together and strengthen corners

25. BalloonSat Construction: Things to remember: You only have one - Switches

26. - Install switches to box and glue switches in place from back side before making electrical connections - Keep switches on both sides and label ON/OFF positions - Make sure to re-connect the switch Hands-on: Construction and Integration

27. - Balloon attachment tube hole should run through center of box on non- opening side - Make hole diameter as close to tube diameter as possible - Secure with paper clip - Make sure paper clip does not interfere with inner diameter Hands-on: Construction and Integration

28. One Minute Reports: Rocket History II - Will we be meeting in this room from now on? - What do I think about the X-prize? - What is gimbling? - Is there Rocket History class? - When we will we program our camera? - I wish we could have got to watch more of the videos.

29. One Minute Reports: Rocket History I - Can we change our design/parts now that proposal is turned in? - Can I be astronaut? - Augustine report? - After the proposal, how do we save our grade? - “Other comments, concerns…” This Class! - How many drugs were Tsokvsky on? - When can we start building? - Can we take a field trip to see a Saturn V?

30. In Class Exercise Before we get started…

31. Building a Rocket on Paper: - Please wait, everyone will be opening your envelopes in a minute - Not every rocket design will work... - YOU ARE A ROCKET ENGINEER: You make $70,000.00 a year and you have a masters degree and drive a company Viper

32. Building a Rocket on Paper: 1.)Build a rocket with the right people. You will need… Payload Specialist Thruster Specialist Fuel Expert Structural Engineer

33. Building a Rocket on Paper: 2.)Calculate total mass of your rocket, must include everything. Total mass = mass of fuel+payload+ structure+thrusters

34. Building a Rocket on Paper: 3.)Calculate the thrust needed to lift your rocket off the launch pad Needed thrust = total mass * gravity F = m * a [Newtons, N]) 1 N =1 kg*m/s2 1 pound-force = 4.45 N a=gravity=10 m/s 2

35. Building a Rocket on Paper: 4.)Calculate the total lift (thrust) capability of your rockets thrusters 5.)Does your structure support the total weight of the rocket? 6.)Do you lift off the ground or did you crash and burn? 7.)Could you lift off the surface of the moon? g (moon) = 1/6 g (earth)

36. Ion Engine: Max Thrust = 200 N Engine/Fuel Mass = 9,000 kg (90,000 N) Max Thrust ( minus Engine/Mass )= - 82,000 N Remaining Mass = - 8,200 kg Ashes (2 kg) Professor (180 kg) Stamps (2K kg) Water (20K kg) Tires (200K kg) Comments Wood = 5K kg (200 kg) NO Composite = 9K kg (20 kg) NO Iron = 500K kg (20,000 kg) NO Aluminum = 3M kg (2,000 kg) NO Titanium = 5M kg (2,000 kg) NO

37. Cold Gas Engine: Max Thrust = 22,000 N Engine/Fuel Mass = 1,700 kg (17,000 N) Max Thrust ( minus Engine/Mass )= 5,000 N Remaining Mass = 500 kg Ashes (2 kg) Professor (180 kg) Stamps (2K kg) Water (20K kg) Tires (200K kg) Comments Wood = 5K kg (200 kg) YES NO Composite = 9K kg (20 kg) YES NO Iron = 500K kg (20,000 kg) NO Aluminum = 3M kg (2,000 kg) NO Titanium = 5M kg (2,000 kg) NO

38. Propane Engine: Max Thrust = 100,000 N Engine/Fuel Mass = 8,000 kg (80,000 N) Max Thrust ( minus Engine/Mass )= 20,000 N Remaining Mass = 2,000 kg Ashes (2 kg) Professor (180 kg) Stamps (2K kg) Water (20K kg) Tires (200K kg) Comments Wood = 5K kg (200 kg) NO Structural Failure Composite = 9K kg (20 kg) YES NO Structural Failure Iron = 500K kg (20,000 kg) NO Aluminum = 3M kg (2,000 kg) NO Titanium = 5M kg (2,000 kg) NO

39. Liquid Engine: Max Thrust = 1,500,000 N Engine/Fuel Mass = 103,000 kg (1,030,000 N) Max Thrust ( minus Engine/Mass )= 470,000 N Remaining Mass = 47,000 kg Ashes (2 kg) Professor (180 kg) Stamps (2K kg) Water (20K kg) Tires (200K kg) Comments Wood = 5K kg (200 kg) NO Structural Failure Composite = 9K kg (20 kg) NO Structural Failure Iron = 500K kg (20,000 kg) YES NO Aluminum = 3M kg (2,000 kg) YES NO Titanium = 5M kg (2,000 kg) YES NO

40. Solid Engine: Max Thrust = 3,000,000 N Engine/Fuel Mass = 52,000 kg (520,000 N) Max Thrust ( minus Engine/Mass )= 2,480,000 N Remaining Mass = 248,000 kg Ashes (2 kg) Professor (180 kg) Stamps (2K kg) Water (20K kg) Tires (200K kg) Comments Wood = 5K kg (200 kg) NO Structural Failure Composite = 9K kg (20 kg) NO Structural Failure Iron = 500K kg (20,000 kg) YES NO Aluminum = 3M kg (2,000 kg) YES Titanium = 5M kg (2,000 kg) YES

41. Launch Vehicles Past, Present, Future & Sci-Fi Future

42. Outline: -Fine Print -Background & Rocket Types -Past -Present -Future -Sci-Fi Future

43. Rocket Types: -I don’t know everything about Launch Vehicles -I may not be able to answer your questions -This lecture is to expose you to all the different types of launch vehicles -I can quit at any time

44. Background: -Thrust = the force that moves -Impulse = force over period of time -Specific Impulse = Isp = ratio of impulse to fuel used -Higher Isp usually indicates low thrust but very little fuel used -Will learn more in Propulsion Lecture -Rocket Types include: Solid, liquid, hybrid

45. Past

46. Past/Present: Scout Thrust:464,700 N (104,500 lb) Fueled Weight:21,750 kg Payload to Orbit:270 kg LEO # of Flights:188, 105 successful

47. Past: Jupiter C Thrust:334,000 N (75,090 lb) Fueled Weight:29,030 kg Payload to Orbit:9 kg LEO (14 kg) # of Flights:6, 4 successful Explorer I

48. Past: Mercury Redstone Thrust:347,000 N (78,000 lb) Fueled Weight:Not Found kg Payload to Orbit:9 kg LEO # of Flights:5, 5 successful Chimp “Ham”, Shepard, and Grissom

50. Past: Mercury Redstone Video

51. Past: Go to the Moon Video

52. Past: Saturn V Thrust:34,500,000 N (7,760,000 lb) Fueled Weight:2,910,000 kg Payload to Orbit:127,000 kg LEO

54. Past: The F1 Engine Video

55. Past:

56. Past: One Step Video

57. Past: Lunar Rover Video

58. Past: Apollo Astronaut Video

59. Saturn V: Can it be built today? - The blue prints still exist, however only on microfilm. - All the subcontractors and suppliers are no longer around. - The technology is old. We can build much smaller and lighter rockets today. Not really… According to Prof. Jesco von Puttkamer, Program Manager of Future Planning at NASA in 1999…

60. Present

61. Present: United States -Shuttle -Atlas -Titan -Delta -Pegasus -Athena -Taurus -Falcon -ARES -Dragon (COTS) -Orion Foreign -France (Ariane) -Japan (H-series) -China (Long March) -Russia (Proton, Buran)

62. Present: Space Shuttle Thrust:28,200,000 N (6,340,000 lb) Fueled Weight:2,040,000 kg Payload to Orbit:24,400 kg LEO Cost per launch:$245,000,000 Cost per kg:$10,040 SRB Recovery SRB Recovery External Tank External Tank

63. Present: First Shuttle Flight Video

64. Present: SRB Separation Video

65. Present: External Tank Video

66. Present: Atlas IIAS Thrust:2,980,000 N (670,000 lb) Fueled Weight:234,000 kg Payload to Orbit:8,390 kg LEO Cost per launch:$78,000,000 Cost per kg:$9,296

67. Present: Atlas II Video

68. Present: Titan IV Thrust:4,800,000 N (1,080,000 lb) Fueled Weight:860,000 kg Payload to Orbit:21,645 kg LEO Cost per launch:$248,000,000 Cost per kg:$11,457

69. Present: Titan IV Video

70. Present:

71. Present: Delta II Thrust:2,630,000 N (591,000 lb) Fueled Weight:230,000 kg Payload to Orbit:5045 kg LEO 17,000 kg Cost per launch:$60,000,000 Cost per kg:$11,892

72. Present:

73. Present:

74. Present: Delta IV Height 63 - 77.2 m (206 - 253.2 ft) Diameter 5 m (16.4 ft) Mass 249,500 - 733,400 kg (550,000 - 1,616,800 lb) Stages 2 Capacity Payload to LEO 8,600 - 25,800 kg (18,900 - 56,800 lb) Payload to GTO

75. Present:

76. Present: Pegasus Thrust:486,000 N (109,000 lb) Fueled Weight:24,000 kg Payload to Orbit:455 kg LEO Cost per launch:$9,000,000 Cost per kg:$19,800

77. Present:

78. Present: Pegasus Video

79. Present: Ariane 44L (France) Thrust:5,380,000 N (1,210,000 lb) Fueled Weight:470,000 kg Payload to Orbit:9,600 kg LEO Cost per launch:$110,000,000 Cost per kg:$11,458

80. Present: Ariane 5 (France) Thrust:11,400,000 N (2,560,000 lb) Fueled Weight:737,000 kg Payload to Orbit:18,000 kg LEO Cost per launch:$120,000,000 Cost per kg:$6,666

81. Present: Ariane V Video

82. Present: H-2 (Japan) Thrust:3,959,200 N (890,060 lb) Fueled Weight:260,000 kg Payload to Orbit:10,500 kg LEO Cost per launch:$190,000,000 Cost per kg:$18,095 Video

83. Present:

84. Present: H2 Video

85. Present: Long March CZ2E (China) Thrust:5,922,000 N (1,331,000 lb) Fueled Weight:464,000 kg Payload to Orbit:8,800 kg LEO Cost per launch:$50,000,000 Cost per kg:$5,681

86. Yang Liwei

87. Present: Sea Launch / Zenit Widest Diameter: 14 feet Overall length: Approximately 200 feet All stages are kerosene/liquid oxygen fueled Capacity to geosynchronus transfer orbit: 6,000 kg

89. Present: Proton D-1 (Russia) Thrust:9,000,000 N (2,000,000 lb) Fueled Weight:689,000 kg Payload to Orbit:20,000 kg LEO Cost per launch:$70,000,000 Cost per kg:$3,500