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Published byClaire Cameron Modified over 8 years ago
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Aaron Manning
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Overview Also called American trypanosomiasis and the Kiss of Death A tropical parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Spread to humans through the bite of an insect vector
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Signs and Symptoms Acute Stage Nonspecific symptoms i.e. fever, diarrhea, vomiting Swelling and inflammation Romaña's sign
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Signs and Symptoms Chronic Stage About 30% develop medical problems Cardiac damage Digestive system damage Neurological disorders Potentially fatal if untreated
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Diagnosis T. cruzi in blood smears PCR to ID strains
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Discovery Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas - 1909 Chagas’ work unique Darwin
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Epidemiology 1960s 16–18 million people affected as of 2008 ~100 million at risk Kills around 20,000 annually
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18 countries from US to Argentina Occurs almost exclusively in rural areas Why?
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The Vector Blood-sucking insects of the subfamily Triatominae vinchuca, barbeiro, chinche, the kissing bug
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Transmission A triatomine becomes infected Hides during day Emerges at night Bites, feeds, then defecates
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Transmission Scratching Blood transfusions, organ transplants, or breast milk Congenital Transmission 13% of stillborn deaths in parts of Brazil
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T. Cruzi Life Cycle
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Clinical Manifestations Cell death in target tissues Inflammatory response
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Treatment and Prevention
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Prevention Most effective approach Insecticides Improving housing conditions Testing of blood donors No vaccine
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Treatment and Management Two approaches Antiparasitic treatment Symptomatic treatment
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Antiparasitic Treatment Most effective early Drugs include azole or nitro derivatives Resistance
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Symptomatic Treatment Disease cannot be cured in chronic phase Managing the clinical manifestations Pacemakers and anti-arrhythmia drugs Surgery for megaintestine. Heart transplantation surgery
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On the Horizon New Drugs New vaccines being tested Stem cell therapy
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Resources Antonio RL Teixeira; Nascimento; Sturm. Evolution and pathology in Chagas disease - a review. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz vol.101 no.5 Rio de Janeiro Aug. 2006 Centers for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/chagas/ Prata A. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001 Sep;1(2):92-100. Vanessa Leiria Campo, Carvalho, Allman, Davis and Robert A. Field. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycosyl-amino acids and glycopeptides related to Trypanosoma cruzi mucins Org. Biomol. Chem., 2007, 5, 2645 Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagas_disease World Health Organization. www.who.int/tdr/svc/diseases/chagas
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