1. Phases of Matter Chapter 3

2. There are ____ states of matter: ________, ___________, ______________, and _________________. Matter is made up of ____________ and ________________, which can be thought of as tiny __________________ which are too small to see. They are always in _______________, bumping into each other and have various levels of ___________________ for each other. These things determine their _____________________. atomsmolecules particles motion attraction state 4 solid liquid gas plasma

3. There are 2 types of solids, based on the _______________ of the particles. A. ______________ - the particles are arranged in a very orderly 3-dimensional pattern. Ex: diamond, snowflakes 1. Solid - the ________________ between the particles is so strong that they are locked in a fixed position. They still move, but can only _______________ in place. Solids have a __________________ shape and ________________ volume. attraction vibrate definite attraction Crystalline

4. B. _____________________ - the particles are in no particular order or organized pattern. Ex: rubber or wax Amorphous 2. Liquids - the _________________ between particles is _______ than it is in solids. They can change position and ___________ past each other. Liquids have an _________________ shape and a _____________________ volume. attractionless slide indefinite definite

5. Different shape, same volume! A liquid will take on the shape of its ____________________. Even though the particles can move past each other, they are still very ______________ and cannot be easily ____________________ (_________________). This property makes them useful in hydraulic _____________. container close together compressed pushed tighter brakes Liquids have ___________________, the force acting on the _____________ on the surface of a liquid that causes it to form _____________ drops. surface tension particles spherical Liquids also have ______________, a liquid’s resistance to flow. Which has more viscosity, molasses or water? ______________ viscosity molasses

6. 3. Gases - There is minimal ________________ between particles in a gas because they move so fast. They _____________ _______ to fill their container. They have __________________shape and _____________________ volume. Most of the volume a gas takes up is ___________ ____________. The amount of empty space in a gas can_____________, so gas can be _________________ into a smaller container. attraction spread out no definite empty space change compressed High pressure, Low volume Low pressure, High volume

7. Pressure - _________________________________________ or ____________________________________________________ The more collisions of particles against a container, the _________ the _________________. What would increase the pressure of air in a container? 1.______________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________ The amount of force exerted on a given area The number of collisions of particles against the inside of the container higher pressure More particles in the container Faster moving particles (increase in temperature) Smaller container (less volume) Gas Laws A. Boyle’s Law: _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________ For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases. Question: What will happen to a scuba diver if he takes a breath of air while deep under water and holds his breath as he swims to the surface? ___________________________ His lungs will burst!

8. B. Charles’s Law: _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________ For a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as its temperature increases. What will happen to an inflated balloon when you put it into the freezer for an hour? ______________________________ It will deflate a bit. **There is a direct relationship between ______________ and _____________________, but an inverse relationship between _____________________ and ________________. volume temperature volumepressure

9. 4. Plasma - ________________________________________ __________________________________________________ the state of matter that does not have definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart Properties of plasma: Plasma is similar to a ___________ except that it can ______________ ______________ and is affected by ______________ and _______________ fields. gas conduct electricity electric magnetic Natural plasmas are found in _______________, _________, and _______________ ____________ (the Northern Lights). lightningfire aurora borealis

10. Changes of State - _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________ the conversion of a substance from one physical form to another The 5 changes of state are: ________________, _______________, __________________, _________________, and _____________. freezingmelting vaporizationcondensation sublimation Change of state is dependent on the change of ____________, which affects the motion of a substance’s __________________. The more energy in a substance, the greater the _____________ of its particles. _____________________ is the measure of the speed of a substance’s particles. energy particles speed Temperature 1. _____________ is the change of a solid to a liquid. The temperature at which this happens for a particular substance is called its ____________ ____________. This is a ________________ _____________ of the substance because it does not change with different amounts of the substance. Melting melting point characteristic property

11. 2. ______________ is the change of state from a liquid to a solid. The temperature at which this happens is called the ____________ _____________, which is identical to the ___________ _________. This process is __________________, meaning that energy is _______________ during the change of state. The process of melting is ___________________, meaning that energy is __________________ during the change. Freezing freezing point melting point exothermic released endothermic absorbed 3. __________________ is the change of state from a liquid to a gas. This can happen in 2 ways: ______________ is vaporization that occurs throughout the liquid. This happens at the substance’s ____________ ___________. The second way is _____________ which occurs at the ____________ of the liquid below its ___________ ______________. Vaporization Boiling boiling pointevaporation surface boiling point

12. The boiling point of water changes when the ______________ changes. Water boils at ________ at sea level, but as altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure ______________ and the boiling point _______________. The boiling point on Mount Everest (8,850 m) is __________. pressure 100 o C decreases 70 o C 4. Condensation: Gases to Liquids Condensation is the opposite of vaporization, and occurs at the same temperature as the ________________ (at a given pressure) for each liquid. This happens when ___________ is removed from the gas and the ________________ clump together. Ex: ____________ _____________ and _____________. boiling point energy molecules cloud formationdew

13. 5. Sublimation - Solid directly to Gas Under certain conditions, a solid, when heated, will skip the _____________ phase and go right to the _________ phase. An example of this is ______ _______ (solid ___________ _______________). This process is ___________________. liquidgas dry icecarbon dioxideendothermic Write whether each of the following are endothermic or exothermic. Boiling: ________________ Condensing: _______________ Freezing:_______________ Vaporizing: ________________ Subliming: _____________ Melting: ___________________ endothermic exothermic endothermic exothermic endothermic

14. Endothermic Exothermic

15. Phases of Matter Chapter 3

16. There are ____ states of matter: ________, ___________, ______________, and _________________. Matter is made up of ____________ and ________________, which can be thought of as tiny __________________ which are too small to see. They are always in _______________, bumping into each other and have various levels of ___________________ for each other. These things determine their _____________________.

17. There are 2 types of solids, based on the _______________ of the particles. A. ______________ - the particles are arranged in a very orderly 3-dimensional pattern. Ex: diamond, snowflakes 1. Solid - the ________________ between the particles is so strong that they are locked in a fixed position. They still move, but can only _______________ in place. Solids have a __________________ shape and ________________ volume.

18. B. _____________________ - the particles are in no particular order or organized pattern. Ex: rubber or wax 2. Liquids - the _________________ between particles is _______ than it is in solids. They can change position and ___________ past each other. Liquids have an _________________ shape and a _____________________ volume.

19. Different shape, same volume! A liquid will take on the shape of its ____________________. Even though the particles can move past each other, they are still very ______________ and cannot be easily ____________________ (_________________). This property makes them useful in hydraulic _____________. Liquids have ___________________, the force acting on the _____________ on the surface of a liquid that causes it to form _____________ drops. Liquids also have ______________, a liquid’s resistance to flow. Which has more viscosity, molasses or water? ______________

20. 3. Gases - There is minimal ________________ between particles in a gas because they move so fast. They _____________ _______ to fill their container. They have __________________shape and _____________________ volume. Most of the volume a gas takes up is ___________ ____________. The amount of empty space in a gas can_____________, so gas can be _________________ into a smaller container.

21. Pressure - _________________________________________ or ____________________________________________________ The more collisions of particles against a container, the _________ the _________________. What would increase the pressure of air in a container? 1.______________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________ higher Gas Laws A. Boyle’s Law: _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Question: What will happen to a scuba diver if he takes a breath of air while deep under water and holds his breath as he swims to the surface? ___________________________

22. B. Charles’s Law: _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What will happen to an inflated balloon when you put it into the freezer for an hour? ______________________________ **There is a direct relationship between ______________ and _____________________, but an inverse relationship between _____________________ and ________________.

23. 4. Plasma - ________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Properties of plasma: Plasma is similar to a ___________ except that it can ______________ ______________ and is affected by ______________ and _______________ fields. Natural plasmas are found in _______________, _________, and _______________ ____________ (the Northern Lights).

24. Changes of State - _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________ The 5 changes of state are: ________________, _______________, __________________, _________________, and _____________. Change of state is dependent on the change of ____________, which affects the motion of a substance’s __________________. The more energy in a substance, the greater the _____________ of its particles. _____________________ is the measure of the speed of a substance’s particles. 1. _____________ is the change of a solid to a liquid. The temperature at which this happens for a particular substance is called its ____________ ____________. This is a ________________ _____________ of the substance because it does not change with different amounts of the substance.

25. 2. ______________ is the change of state from a liquid to a solid. The temperature at which this happens is called the ____________ _____________, which is identical to the ___________ _________. This process is __________________, meaning that energy is _______________ during the change of state. The process of melting is ___________________, meaning that energy is __________________ during the change. 3. __________________ is the change of state from a liquid to a gas. This can happen in 2 ways: ______________ is vaporization that occurs throughout the liquid. This happens at the substance’s ____________ ___________. The second way is _____________ which occurs at the ____________ of the liquid below its ___________ ______________.

26. The boiling point of water changes when the ______________ changes. Water boils at ________ at sea level, but as altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure ______________ and the boiling point _______________. The boiling point on Mount Everest (8,850 m) is __________. 4. Condensation: Gases to Liquids Condensation is the opposite of vaporization, and occurs at the same temperature as the ________________ (at a given pressure) for each liquid. This happens when ___________ is removed from the gas and the ________________ clump together. Ex: ____________ _____________ and _____________.

27. 5. Sublimation - Solid directly to Gas Under certain conditions, a solid, when heated, will skip the _____________ phase and go right to the _________ phase. An example of this is ______ _______ (solid ___________ _______________). This process is ___________________. Write whether each of the following are endothermic or exothermic. Boiling: ________________ Condensing: _______________ Freezing:_______________ Vaporizing: ________________ Subliming: _____________ Melting: ___________________