1. BELLWORK READ “Great Britain leads the way” on pgs. 379-380 and answer the following questions: 1.What did farmers in Great Britain do during the Industrial Revolution? 2.What is capital? 3.What raw materials did Great Britain have? Why were these important? 4.What happened to farming once machinery was introduced? 5.THINKER: What is the difference between a rural and urban area?

2. Unit 5 Exam Info Study guide = 50 points Unit 5 Exam: Tuesday 2/23 –Multiple Choice and matching = 60 points –Short Answer = 20 points With regards to causes and effects, compare and contrast the American and French Revolutions Must include a thesis, 3 similarities/differences with explanations Study guide due! Late/Missing work due!

3. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution (1860-1890): shift towards industrialism using machines, factories, mines, and railroads. Why was this a revolution? Manufacturing and Industry replaced agriculture as the main source of economic growth.

4. Industrial Revolution Why Great Britain? Steel, iron, and coal were central to new industry Started in Great Britain and spread throughout Europe, North America, and the World.

7. Living Conditions during the Industrial Revolution The working class lived in crowded apartment buildings called tenements Overwork, poor sanitation, and inadequate diet = spread of disease Cities were full of prostitution, crime, and alcohol Increased immigration = overpopulation

11. Living Conditions: Immigration With working conditions so bad, why do you think immigrants still chose to come to America?

12. Living Conditions: Immigration Like many Americans, immigrants felt cities were a new source of opportunity. Between 1880 and 1920 about 25 million immigrants entered the U.S. – about half of the total population! Most immigrants lived in cities, worked “undesirable” jobs and were paid lower than Americans.

13. Living Conditions: Immigration In the 1900’s where do you think people were immigrating from? Before 1890: Northern and Western Europe (England, Ireland, Germany) Between 1890-1920: Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia)

19. Inspections included: –Medical –Mental –Physical

20. Immigrants being processed at Ellis Island

23. Waiting for deportation

24. Working Conditions Laborers Worked in factories, mills, and mines worked at least 60 hours a week for an average pay of about 20 cents an hour, and had no benefits

27. Working Conditions: Child Labor Children received no education, instead they worked in factories. Why?

32. Inventions of the 1800s Battery Tin can Photograph/camera Soda fountain Stethoscope Cement Matches Typewriter Sewing machine Revolver/Machine gun Morse Code Bicycle Stapler Safety pin Dishwasher Washing machine Elevator Plastic Dynamite Vacuum Barbed wire Telephone Toilet paper Contact lenses

34. Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

35. Transportation and Communication The Industrial Revolution was also characterized by advances in transportation and communication. Transcontinental Railroad: U.S. railroad running from the east to west coast The increase in railroads allowed goods to be shipped faster and cheaper. Telegraph: Samuel Morse perfected it using a system called Morse Code Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell; by 1900 (30 years after its invention), 1.5 million telephones were in use.

43. Environmental Problems - Air With the race for industrialization, many countries began to exploit their natural resources (especially coal, oil, and gas) all with little regard to the environment. Coal was needed to power the steam engines that would run machines and trains, but coal also released huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The combination of smoke and fog produced smog, which was visible as a thick blanket over cities. This caused thousands of deaths due to respiratory diseases.

48. Environmental Problems - Water Water was another prime resource used for running machines in factories. Factories dumped toxic industrial waste into nearby rivers. Due to dense populations, the cities had no proper system of sewage disposal, so rivers were also contaminated for personal use. During the Industrial Revolution, there was no running water – everything came from rivers; therefore, the contaminated, toxic, filthy, sewage water was also used as drinking water. This caused water-borne diseases like cholera or typhoid fever to wipe out a huge portion of the population. (Especially the working class).

50. Environmental Problems - Land With large amounts of populations moving to the cities for work, land was being exploited to build homes or more factories. This meant cutting down forest areas and loss of natural habitats. Many factories used empty space as land fills for their trash and toxic waste. This lead to a spread of disease

53. Pollution and Industrialization Pollution remains a side effect of industrialization. We are going to read a short excerpt on the growth of industrial cities and how it creates pollution. “An Industrial City” – pg. 381 1.How did Manchester become an industrial city? 2.What type of industry did Manchester rely on? 3.What happened to the Irwell River? 4.Do you think that what happened to Manchester can be called “progress?” 5.How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of the 1800’s?

59. CLOSURE Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution.