1. Bonding Where the magic of chemistry takes place!

2. Ionic Bonding

3. More Ionic Bonding

4. Molecular Bonding Nonpolar Covalent Polar Covalent

5. Metallic Bonding The electrons lost by the metal are now delocalized (not belonging to a single cation) and “swim” in the unfilled d orbitals. This mobility allows for metals to have special properties including malleability, ductility, conductivity & luster.

6. Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding Animations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzW www http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzW www http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdC FPs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdC FPs

7. Molecular Geometry Animations http://www.3dchem.com/table.asp http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lectu re/Chapter10/VSEPR.html

8. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model (VSEPR) Helps us to make Lewis Structures. Dictates that most atoms form octets and that electrons want to be as far apart as possible (atoms with many unpaired electrons are surrounding the highly bonded middle atom). Does not describe geometry; can’t describe lone pairs.

9. Hybridization Orbitals of different energy levels combine to form orbitals with equal energy. S and P orbitals to form sp orbitals. sp = 2 orbitals (linear, Be) sp 2 = 3 orbitals (trigonal planar, B) sp 3 = 4 orbitals (tetrahedral, C) These are the orbitals that create bonds

10. Role of Unshared Electrons Unshared electron pairs exhibit the sp orbital shape. NH 3 and H 2 O are good examples. Both have extra electron pairs that contribute to the overall structure of the molecule. Hybridization Movie

11. Unpaired Electrons (Double Bonds) Single bonds involving shared electrons in overlapping orbitals are called sigma bonds. Electron density is between nuclei. When electrons in non-bonding sp 2 or sp orbitals combine a pi bond (double bond) is formed. A double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one pi bond. Double Bonds

12. Examples CO (hybridization of C) See board.

13. Hybridization Animations http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ess entialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ess entialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf

14. Formation of Sigma & Pi Bonds Through Orbital Overlapping http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ani mations/chang_7e_esp/bom5s2_6.sw http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ani mations/chang_7e_esp/bom5s2_6.sw

15. Bonding Review Video Clips Electronegativity & Polarity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSG4R4YZUW8 Lewis Dot Structures http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPK-ct0xa60 Molecular Geometry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loU0z0giNAU Intermolecular Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WodNNmoxNOw