1. Reforming The Colonial Government Textbook pages 103 – 111. Reform Parties Joseph Howe Rebellions

2. WHO: Political Parties 1830s p. 103 Political Parties: groups of people united by a common belief of how government should work. Conservatives –believe that people should accept things the way they are. Reformers – believe that change is needed to reform the government into something that may be a successful democracy.

3. How did People Learn of Political Happenings? page 104 CHIRTSTSIAN CHURCHES: Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches given preferential treatment. –Allocation of lands –Taxes Leaders were influential in the community –Encouraged people to take a side in political reform.

4. How did People Learn the Political Happenings? Page 105 NEWSPAPERS –Small print, few pictures. –Dense text – many words in a small space to save paper. –First source of news: Many more newspapers in the 1800s than now. –News, weather, political happenings, birthdays, deaths, editorials.

5. Freedom of the Press: the Right to Write, page 106-107. Editorial Sections of newspapers – people to write about their opinions. –Edited – papers controlled by those of the Elite could edit out opposing views. Joseph Howe, Defender of the Freedom of the Press.Joseph Howe, Defender of the Freedom of the Press

6. WHO: Joseph Howe, page 107 Editor of the Novascotian, Lieutenant- governor of NS, Leader of Reform Party –Helped to bring Responsible Government to NS. –Later Reform Party was renamed the Liberals.

7. REVIEW: Need to know: Political Parties Reformers Informed Opinions How people learned the daily news: –Newspapers –Churches

8. Violent Rebellions p. 108-111

9. Rebel Against What? Struggle against the Elite for Political Empowerment. Hunger and disease – crop failures, more people living in poverty. More control over how colonial governments spent their money. Discrimination – French-speaking colonists worried about non-French speakers and loosing their culture.

10. The French in Lower Canada p. 110 Crop Failures: Habitants were hungry. Increase number of English Speaking immigrants. –English speakers seen as a threat to French Culture. Diluting French culture and Language. Disease: Cholera 1832: Voting riots resulted –in 3 French men killed by British troops.

11. Louis-Joseph Papineau (page 108) leader of Patriote Parti Wanted a separate colony where the French are in control: –They could control how money was spent. –Challenge authority of the Executive Council.

12. Louis-Joseph Papineau, continued 7 th of May, 1837:  Papineau and his Patriote Parti issued 12 Resolutions:  Lower Canada is no longer part of BNA.  Wanted a separate country for the French.  Colonial Government issued warrants for Papineau’s arrest for treason.  Troops from Upper Canada marched to Lower Canada.

13. Papineau’s Wanted for Treason.  Colonial Government issued warrants for Papineau’s arrest for treason.  Troops from Upper Canada marched to Lower Canada. Nationalist’ Flag Over the next months, tensions between Conservatives and Reformers increased.

14. LOWER CANADA: November 1837: Rebellions Turn Violent Violence at Saint-Hilaire de Rouville November 23-24. Rebels loose at Saint- Eustache December 1837 http://www.mcq.org/histoire/julie_papineau/papineau.html

15. Cause and Effect Chain: Lower Canada Rebellion

16. Rebellion in Lower Canada, 1837

17. Upper Canada p. 110 Dispute how money was being spent. Hunger: crop failures. Land disputes: –Anglican church was given preferential treatment. –Many immigrants who wanted to start farms had to travel far from urban centers. –Wealthier became wealthier.

18. Toronto, Upper Canada: December 1837 Rebels lead by Wiliam, Lyon Makenzie. GOAL: to take control of the Government. Defeated. http://www.onzone.ca/english/ontario/timeline.asp?version=HTML

19. 1838: The Second Year of Troubles Smaller Rebellions continue in both Upper and Lower Canada. –None of the Rebels were successful, many hung for treason others banished. Lord Durham brought to Lower Canada as the new Governor, issues a report.

20. Lord Durham and the Result of the Rebellions, p111. Lord Durham ‘s Report: Responsible Government What Reformers in both colonies wanted. Unite Lower and Upper Canada 1841 – Province of Canada http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cf m?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002472

21. Think It Through, Page 111 Individually, you are to: –1) Re-read the textbook pages 108-111. –2) You are to create a “Cause-and-Effect” chain showing the events and results of the rebellion in Upper Canada. –For Homework!