1. Technology & Industrial Growth The Triumph of Industry 1865-1914

2. Plan for the day: Standards: ◦ 6.1- Identify how the effects of 19 th century warfare promoted the growth of industrialism (i.e. railroads, iron vs. steel industry, textiles, coal, rubber, processed food) Objectives: ◦ TLW examine the causes and effects of the 2 nd industrial revolution in US History ◦ TLW write about how inventions changed American lifestyles during this time.

3. Learning Targets You will understand the factors of production- what it takes to become an industrial nation. You will explain how certain inventions helped the industrial movement. You will understand the industrial boom in terms of technology, economics, and transportation

4. Causes Event: Second Industrial Revolution Event: Second Industrial Revolution Effects

5. Industrial Revolution & Growth The Big Boom in American Industry

6. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period where the United States went through major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation. The United States went from an agriculturally based economy to an economy in which manufacturing/industry played a huge role. Agriculture = farming, ranching, etc… Manufacturing = working in factories, making products

7. What you need to have an Industrial Society Factors of Production LandLaborCapital What it means? How it was an advantage All the natural resources in American territory, and land to build on America has lots of natural resources and land mass People available for working Immigration and crop failure brought people to cities $$ Money for investment to get business started America was successful, there was $$ to spend, and people had unique abilities

8. Industrial Boom After Civil War people embraced innovation (new methods, ideas, or products) and technology seeking to make life better. By 1920, the US was the leading industrial power in the world. This immense industrial boom was due to several factors, including: 1. a wealth of natural resources (Land) 2. government support for business (Capital) 3. a growing urban population that provided cheap labor and markets for new products. (Labor)

9. Natural Resources fuel growth Coal- Found underground in the East, it provided fuel to power steamships and factories Lumber- Thick forests provided wood for construction Water- With so many rivers and lakes, transportation of goods was easy by water Oil- Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania which created a cheap way to produce power

10. Labor- a new workforce Immigration was high from Europe and Asia ◦ Caused by: political unrest, religious discrimination, and famine ◦ Approximately 1 million immigrants per year by 1905 There was a large workforce- worked for cheap, and had long hours ◦ Children worked to help their families

11. Capital- the $$ behind it all Entrepreneurs: People who invest money in a product or business to make a profit ◦ Ex: Invest $1,000 in a new company, and when it becomes successful get $3,000 in return- made $2,000 profit Horatio Alger: “Rags to Riches” mentality shown in his books claimed Capitalism allowed people who were poor to reach success by working hard ◦ Capitalism: The people own the factories and businesses, not the government

12. Do you know it? On your paper, list the 3 factors of production, and explain in your own words what it means. Walk to another part of the room and share your response with a friend.

13. Post Civil War Americans sought technology to build better business, create jobs, and increase quality of life. The government encouraged business growth ◦ Protective tariffs: Taxing goods made in other countries ◦ Laissez-faire policies: Minimal government intervention

14. INVENTIONS

15. Bessemer Steel Process The Bessemer process was developed independently by the British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American ironmaker William Kelly around 1850. The Bessemer Process involves removing the carbon from the iron. After the carbon is removed from the iron it produces a lighter, more flexible, and rust- resistant metal known as steel. Bessemer Process makes steel!

16. New Uses For Steel Railroads! Need to transport goods that were being made Transported goods quickly and for small cost Joseph Glidden’s barbed wire helped keep cattle in on ranches Cyrus McCormick’s and John Deere’s farm machines helped transform farming- made easier and faster It made new and large construction possible. – The Brooklyn Bridge, with its steel cables, was completed in 1883. – William Le Baron Jenney designed the 1 st skyscraper with a steel frame-the Home Insurance Building in Chicago (1884).

17. Thomas Alva Edison Edison was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman Edison’s inventions included the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long lasting practical electric light bulb. Edison holds 1,093 patents and was nicknamed “The Wizard of Menlo Park”.

18. Inventions Change Lifestyles Thomas Edison’s light bulb provided cheap light after dark Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867 and changed the world of work and printing. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 opened the way for a worldwide communications network.