1. How did the civil service exam affect the Song Gov’t? Also what were some of the new inventions and their affect during these dynasty's?

3.  Look on page 332-333 look at all the visuals, graphics, and captions in the section. Make a list of all you see and what do these images reveal about the section. Summarize your findings in a short paragraph explaining what you think the images will reveal.

4.  Constantly attacked China from the north. Lived in steppes/grasslands across north-central Eurasia. Pastoralists, which are?  Obtain items they lacked traded with local villages or took what they want  Huns, Turks and Mongols emerged as powerful nomadic people. Mongols herded sheep/goats, what did they use these for?  Skilled with horses, tough/fierce from living in a harsh environment and always competing for scarce resources

5.  Separated by clans, Khan – chief of clan, got power by military skills/leadership ability  1100’s Khan Temujin united Mongols, in 1206 took title Genghis Khan “Universal Ruler” – would lead for 21 yrs  Genghis Khan demanded strict discipline/complete loyalty. Prep for blood  Armies highly mobile/strike quickly, taught army to stalk and trap enemy like prey  “In daylight, watch with the vigilance (careful observation) of an old wolf, at night with the eyes of the raven. In battle, fall upon the enemy like a falcon”  TPS how does this make you feel/what do you think of the Mongols?

6.  Battle tactics = brutality/psychological warfare, burned any town/killed inhabitants of any towns that resisted them. Sent agents to warn of brutality and huge numbers of Mongols. Many towns would surrender without a fight.  Genghis led men into China then set sites on Islamic region, within 19 years taken over central Asia  He was a brilliant organizer – men assembled in armies of 10,000 ; 1,000 man brigades; 100 man companies ; 10 man squads.  Gifted strategist – trick by attacking with small horses, when the enemy followed would sweep in with entire army  Was cruel – terrified his enemies to surrender

7.  Genghis Khan led Mongols; experts in siege warfare, use of gunpowder. Could not be stopped  Died of Illness, Deathbed said “With Heaven’s aid I have conquered for you a huge empire. But my life was too short to achieve the conquest of the world. That task is left for you.” Sons/Grandsons took the challenge.  TPS what does this quote teach us of Genghis/Mongols.  Grandsons took sections of empire to conquer neighbors, under leadership of Great Khan.  Got as far as Western Europe and stopped only bc Great Khan died  Millions of people died, entire cities annihilated

9.  Mongols ruled fairly peacefully, allowing locals to live as pleased as long as tribute paid  Established peace/stability across Asia – referred to as Pax Mongolia – Mongol Peace  TPS what peace do you believe they provided/what success happened?  Adopted Islam/Protected Silk Roads/Brought compass, gunpowder, printing westward

10.  Kublai Khan became Great Khan (grandson of Genghis), ruled N China sought to defeat Song Dynasty in South  Succeeded after 44 years, became china’s new emperor  Wanted Chinese to like him how do you believe he achieved this?  Moved Capital to Beijing, gave dynasty Chinese name Yuan Dynasty, built lavish palace/walls in Chinese style, left gov’t in place.  Yet did not trust Chinese, could not marry Mongols/could not own weapons & serve in military/taxed higher  Trade flourished, Europeans began to visit East/Marco Polo

12.  Italian trader from Venice, visited with Khan ended up working for him going on 17 different missions for the Yuan ruler  Came home and captured in battle, told prisoner who wrote of Chinese adventures/huge success  Unsure if true/never mentioned two key intriguing aspects of Chinese society which are??  Footbinding/tea drinking  Did speak of Coal which was only known/used in China @ the time  Main reason for intrigue in China/East  Children’s game played today still

14.  Mongols mainly defeated by war/nature, twice tried to invade Japan, storm wiped out 900 ships while fought on land, second attempt Japanese held off Mongols for 50 days until storm wiped out fleet again  Japanese referred to these storms in reverence, calling them Kamikaze, “divine wind”, when else in history is kamikaze used? TPS

15.  Partner Work, Study the map on P. 334 and answer the accompanying questions found on the page

16.  Terms & Main Ideas Q. 1-18