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Published byConstance Ellis Modified over 9 years ago
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Bacteria Domains Bacteria & Archaea
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Kingdoms of Bacteria- 1. Eubacteria or Monera 2. Archeabacteria
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Characteristics of all Bacteria 1. Prokaryotes- no nucleus or organelles 2. Unicellular 3. Smaller than eukaryotic cells 4. Larger than viruses 5. DNA is a circular chromosome 6. Cell wall
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Bacteria are the most abundant inhabitants of earth Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes
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Bacteria Structure
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Shapes 1. Bacilli (bacillus)- rod shaped
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2. Cocci (coccus)- spherical
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3. Spirilli (spirillum)- spiral
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Bacteria & Oxygen 1. Obligate Aerobe- requires oxygen ex- tuberculosis 2. Facultative Anaerobe- can live with or without oxygen ex- E. coli 3. Obligate Anaerobe- killed or harmed by oxygen ex- tetanus
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Reproduction- asexual Binary fission- 1 cell pinches off into two. Conjugation- exchange of DNA between bacteria
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Getting energy Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs or chemotrophs: Autotrophs- producer Heterotrophs-consumer Chemotrophs- producers that use hydrogen as source of energy not the sun. ex- found in deep ocean vents
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Characteristics of Archeabacteria More closely related to eukaryotic cells than the Eubacteria Sometimes call extremophiles because they can be found in extreme conditions. No pathogenic species identified (yet)
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Some types of Archea 1. Methanogens- give off methane; live in the gut of cattle, sewage sludge 2. Halophiles- live in extremely salty environments 3. Thermoacidophiles- live in very hot and acidic environments
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Eubacteria “True” bacteria
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Many diseases are caused by Eubacteria- –Clostridium botulinum- cause of botulism –Clostridium tetani –cause of tetanus –E. coli- food poisoning –Salmonella- food poisoning –Streptococcus- cause of strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, ear infections
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Good uses of bacteria Food- yogurt, sourkraut, cheese Aids in your digestion, makes vitamins Help plants obtain nitrogen Genetic engineering Help break down oil spills (controversial) Was our first source of atmospheric oxygen
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Bad uses of bacteria Weapons of mass destruction –Anthrax
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