2. How Do Black & White Ruffled Lemurs communicate?

3. Ruffed Lemurs!! Scientific Name: Varecia Variegata Varigata Their habitat is rainforests. Lemurs in live in a social groups made up many males and females; Females are in charge of the group Black-and-ruffed lemurs are one of the only two types of lemurs to build nests for their young. Mothers will typically have two babies at once, although they can have up to six. The babies stay in the nest and if mother need to move, she carries them in her mouth. They can live up to 20 years Black & White Ruffled Lemurs are mostly found in Eastern Madagascar

4. Communication Animal communication is any behavior on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current behavior of another animal. Animal communication takes a number of different forms –V–Visual: distinctive body movements. –T–Tactile: involve body touching such as grooming. –O–Olfactory: chemical messages conveyed by smells and tastes. –V–Vocalization: form of sounds producing by speaking such as barking.

7. Olfactory Communication – Is used extensively by ruffed lemurs. – They use scent marking to protect each other. – Females use scent mark with their anogential scent glands by squatting to rub their anogential region along horizontal surfaces, such as tree limbs. – Males favor using the scent glands on their neck and chest.

8. Auditory Communication – Ruffed lemurs also use highly vocal, with extensive vocal collection. – They have many vocalizations; some keep the group together, while others vocalization keep other groups away. – Such as pulsed squawk, adults direct them at the predator after moving to a safe position. – Their calls can be heard up to 1 kilometer. – They utilize alarm calls that differentiate between different predators.

9. Scent Glance!

10. Vocalization!

11. Measure by five minutes

12. Conclusion The Ethogram showed that Black & White lemurs interact with each others physically; grooming and cuddling. They also make distinctive vocalization movement such as moaning and moving of there tails. They are more likely to use vocal communication than moving of their bodies. Reference to Ethogram and pie graph!!!

13. Bibliography http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/ pages/6418/Animal- Communication.html http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/ pages/6418/Animal- Communication.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffed_le mur http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffed_le mur http://www.zooatlanta.org/home/ani mals/mammals/bw_ruffled_lemur http://www.zooatlanta.org/home/ani mals/mammals/bw_ruffled_lemur