1. GATHERING MATERIALS Chapter 7 Lecture/Recap

2. Personal Knowledge and Experience  Is it okay to use personal knowledge and experience in your informative speech?  Yes; must frame in non-persuasive way  Cannot rely entirely on personal knowledge for this speech  Must be relevant

3. Library Research  References Works  Newspaper and Periodical Databases  Academic Databases  Can you cite an abstract?

4. Internet Research  Experts advise speakers/researchers/students to use internet research as a supplemental source; not as the only source. Why?  Search engines  “docusoaps”  What does this mean?  “docusoaps” + “effects”  What does this mean?  Specialized research resources (Example:.gov)

5. Wikipedia  Credibility  Cannot be used as source  Can be used as starting point  How so?

6. How to Evaluate Internet Sources  Who is the author?  Is the author credible?  What is the sponsoring organization?  Is the sponsoring organization credible?  How recent is the information?  Copyright date? Publication date? Any revisions?

7. Research/Investigative Interviews  Consider  Is there someone to interview for my topic?  Are they a credible source?  Follow set protocol in interview; helps manage time  Still allow for their feedback; conversation may “flow”  Prepare questions beforehand  Avoid: Questions that don’t require an interview Leading questions Hostile, loaded questions Double barreled/Overloaded questions  Make sure your interviewee understands the purpose

8. Interview Questions:  Hostile questions (mostly linked with “loaded questions”)  Example: Did you enjoy spoiling the dinner for everyone else? Do you think you spoiled the dinner? Did you enjoy it? Question loaded with question and assertion  Double-barreled (more than one question)  Example: Do you enjoy Dr. Goldman’s exams and activities? Do you enjoy her exams? Do you enjoy her activities? Question loaded with two many questions  Do you want to go to the mall and do you want to get some pizza? Do you want to go to the mall? Do you want to get some pizza? Questions loaded with too many questions

9. When Researching….  Take notes  Include the citations  Note paraphrase vs. direct quote  Create a draft of your bibliography  Consider if your sources are reliable and relevant

10. Remember: For Speech 2…  2 sources required  Must cite within speech  Must include bibliography at end of outline  Bibliography vs. Reference List  Use MLA or APA  Examples on pg. 135, online, or in reference guides

11. SPEECH WORKSHOP

12. SUPPORTING YOUR IDEAS Chapter 8 Lecture/Recap

13. Examples  Types  Brief  Extended  Hypothetical  Tips (Ask…)  Do they clarify?  Do they reinforce ideas?  Do they personalize ideas?  Are they vivid? Valuable?  Practice delivering your examples

14. Statistics  Combining statistics  Can use with visual aids (not for this speech)  Make sure:  You understand the statistics  They are used correctly  They are from a reliable resource  They are recent No date? Don’t use.  Explain the statistics  Don’t give too many  Round off  “nearly…”  “over…”

15. Testimony  Types  Expert  Peer  Which is more appropriate?  Should I quote or paraphrase?  Be accurate and ethical  It is unethical to intentionally take quote out of context  Make sure sources are qualified and unbiased  Know the person you quote  Don’t know the person? Don’t use.

16. Oral Citations  Used for direct quotes?  Used for paraphrased materials or other borrowed ideas?  Must tell the audience  The source of the information  The author/sponsoring organization  The credibility and relevance of the source  The date  Examples on pg. 161

17. For Speech 2…  Yes, you can include direct quotes on your note card  Yes, you can include general info for sources (in keyword format)