1. 1 Advanced Placement United States History

2. 2 1.Why was America socially, economically, and politically reluctant to become involved in what would become WWII? 2. WWII marked beginning of a real civil rights movement among Black Americans. Why? 3. The New Deal did not stop the G.D. WWII did. Assess. 4. Dropping the bomb was necessary to end the war. To what extent was this true for those making the decision in 1945. 5. Respond to the following statement: It was “easier” for America to drop the atomic bomb on Japan because the Japanese are racially different from the majority of Americans; America would never have dropped an atomic bomb on Europe. 6. What perceptions or misperceptions at the end of WWII created the Cold War? 7. Why did America emerge into the post World War 2 era as a “super” power?

3. 3 World War II USS Shaw – Pearl Harbor – December 7th

4. 4 Japan’s Goals Fear of disruption of internal order Fear of disruption of internal order Meiji Restoration Government Meiji Restoration Government Militarism (Samurai Tradition) Militarism (Samurai Tradition) Interwar years – Intensive rise in Racism & Nationalism Interwar years – Intensive rise in Racism & Nationalism Problems: Geographic Limitations Problems: Geographic Limitations Solution: Displace U.S. & Britain in China Solution: Displace U.S. & Britain in China

5. 5 1930-1935 Manchurian “Incident” Manchurian “Incident” Henry L. Stimson- Internationalist Henry L. Stimson- Internationalist Puppet state –Manchukuo; Manchuria (1931) Puppet state –Manchukuo; Manchuria (1931)  League of Nations  Hoover – Kellogg Briand Economic sanctions opposed Economic sanctions opposed Stimson Doctrine Stimson Doctrine

6. 6 Italy’s Goals Perennially poor Perennially poor Betrayed by Versailles Betrayed by Versailles Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini Fascism Fascism 1922 March on Rome 1922 March on Rome Axis Powers- Germany & Italy Axis Powers- Germany & Italy

7. 7 Germany – Interwar Years 1919-1930 Adolf Hitler (Austrian) Adolf Hitler (Austrian) WWI – Infantryman w/ Germans WWI – Infantryman w/ Germans Weimar Republic Weimar Republic Beer Hall Putsch (coup) 1923 Beer Hall Putsch (coup) 1923 Mein Kampf Mein Kampf

8. 8 Good Neighbor Policy Was it “national neutrality neurosis”? Was it “national neutrality neurosis”? U.S. Endorsement of Non-Intervention U.S. Endorsement of Non-Intervention Renunciation of Roosevelt Corollary Renunciation of Roosevelt Corollary Philippines- Tydings McDuffie Act (1934) Philippines- Tydings McDuffie Act (1934) Haiti Haiti Cuba Cuba Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexico Mexico London Economic Conference (1933) London Economic Conference (1933) New Deal Tariff Policy New Deal Tariff Policy  Reciprocal Trade Agreement Acts

9. 9 Nye Committee Hearings - 1934 WWI Munitions / Banking Recommended Neutrality Walter Millis The Road to War: America 1914-1917 Gerald P. Nye (Rep., S.D.)

10. 10 Neutrality Acts of ‘35, ‘36, ‘37 No Lusitania this time! 1935-1936 1935-1936 Reoccupation Rhineland Reoccupation Rhineland Mussolini –Ethiopia Mussolini –Ethiopia Japan- Nullifies 5 Power Japan- Nullifies 5 Power

11. 11 East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Panay Incident Panay Incident Rape of Nanking – Dec 1937 Rape of Nanking – Dec 1937 97% Americans U.S. out of war 97% Americans U.S. out of war Quarantine Speech 1937 Quarantine Speech 1937 U.S. Appeasement Rape of Nanking

12. 12 Munich Conference - Appeasement Anchluss (union) 1938 with Austria Anchluss (union) 1938 with Austria Munich Appeasement Sept 1938 Munich Appeasement Sept 1938 Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain Edouard Deladier Edouard Deladier Sudetenland -German speaking western portion of Czechoslovakia Sudetenland -German speaking western portion of Czechoslovakia

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14. 14 Neutrality Act of 1939 (Cash & Carry) Hitler-Stalin Pact Aug 1939 Invasion of Poland Sept 1939 Britain & France declared war “Cash &Carry” Hitler must be defeated

15. 15 America First Committee 1940 Charles Lindbergh Opposed all Aid to BritainOpposed all Aid to Britain FDR a “War Monger”FDR a “War Monger” KristallnachtKristallnacht November 9,10, 1938 Night of Broken Glass Night of Broken Glass Phony War

16. 16 Blietzkrieg – April 9-June 22 Maginot Line Maginot Line Denmark/Norway Denmark/Norway Netherlands/Belgium Netherlands/Belgium France/Dunkirk France/Dunkirk Charles De Gaulle Charles De Gaulle Vichy Government Vichy Government Prime Minister Winston Churchill Prime Minister Winston Churchill

17. 17 Britain goes it alone… FDR floats trial balloons… Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Battle of Britain Battle of Britain …”we shall never surrender” …”we shall never surrender” Battle of the Atlantic Battle of the Atlantic FDR FDR Top secret atomic energy program Top secret atomic energy program Two ocean navy Two ocean navy $37 Billion $37 Billion Selective Service Act 1940 Selective Service Act 1940

18. 18 The Destroyer Deal - Sept. 1940 U.S. Gives Britain 50 old World War I Destroyers for Eight Naval Bases Used to Fight German U-Boats in the Atlantic. “all aid short of war”

19. 19 FDR Breaks Two Term Tradition 1940 Election vs. Franklin Roosevelt, Democrat Wendell Wilkie, Republican

20. 20 The Four Freedoms Speech: January 6, 1941 Delivered before Congress * from Fear * from Want * of Speech * to Worship

21. 21 The Four Freedoms: World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell from FEAR

22. 22 The Four Freedoms: World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell of SPEECH

23. 23 Undeclared War on Germany Lend Lease – Feb 1941 Lend Lease – Feb 1941 Bill #1776 – An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States Bill #1776 – An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States Arsenal of Democracy Arsenal of Democracy “sell, lend, lease, exchange, or transfer…” “sell, lend, lease, exchange, or transfer…” Extended to Soviet Union Extended to Soviet Union

24. 24 Atlantic Conference “…after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, (we) hope to see established a peace which will afford… all men … (the means to)… live out their lives in freedom from fear and want…” August 9-12, 1941 The Atlantic Charter:

25. 25 Atlantic Conference Secret Agreement FDR promised Churchill that U.S. Navy ships would pursue and attack Nazi U-boats in the Atlantic until an incident was created to provide a cause for war. USS Greer 9/41 “Shoot on Sight” USS Reuben James 10/31/41 Merchant Ships Armed

26. 26 Pearl Harbor Attack December 7, 1941 2,403 Servicemen Killed Tojo & Matsuoka Dec of War on Japan – Dec 8 Hitler on U.S. – Dec 11

27. 27 “I fear we have only awakened a sleeping giant.”Admiral Yamamoto December 8, 1941

28. 28 Washington Conference FDR & Churchill adopt a policy of “Europe First” that considers Germany the greater danger than Japan. Dec. 22, 1941 to Jan. 14, 1942

29. 29 War on the Home Front War Production Board War Production Board Unions Unions African Americans African Americans Japanese Internment Japanese Internment Women Women Braceros Braceros Code Talkers (Windtalkers) Code Talkers (Windtalkers) Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles) Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles)

30. 30 March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph Demands Jobs for Blacks in Defense Industry

31. 31 March on Washington, 1941 FDR Issues Executive Order 8802 Guaranteeing Blacks Jobs in Defense Plants Fair Employment Practices Commission Fair Employment Practices Commission Double V Double V

32. 32 March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph would later organize the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream Speech” WWII Poster Promoting Racial Unity

33. 33 Executive Order 9066 120,000 Japanese Americans Ordered Interned, 1942

34. 34 “Waiting for the Signal from Home….” Dr. Seuss Korematsu v. U.S. – decision upheld internment Ex parte Endo – forbade internment of loyal Japanese- Americans

35. 35 Japanese American Internment Anti-Asian Racism Anger over Pearl Harbor Fear of “Jap” Invasion Fear of “Jap” Sabotage CAUSED BY:

36. 36 Nisei Soldiers in U.S. Army Daniel Inouye, 1st Lt., 442nd Regimental Combat Team later: U.S. Senator, Hawaii

37. 37 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes this translated as mistrust.

38. 38 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes this translated as social change. for African Americans…for women…

39. 39 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes it urged harder work.

40. 40 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes it urged conservation. “Step on it, kid, ya got gas and rubber to burn!”

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43. 43 North African Invasion November 8, 1942

44. 44 Casablanca Conference The Allied Powers demand “Unconditional Surrender” from the Axis nations. Eisenhower & FDR January 14-23, 1943

45. 45 Invasion of Sicily & Italy August 1943

46. 46 Teheran Conference November 28-December 2, 1943 StalinChurchillRoosevelt

47. 47 Accomplishments of Teheran: Britain and U.S.A. to Open Second Front Against Nazis in Europe – D-Day Invasion Disagree Over Partitioning of Germany – Agreed to Occupation Zones Instead

48. 48 Invasion of Europe – D-Day June 6, 1944 – Normandy, France

49. 49 Roosevelt’s Fourth Term, 1944 Thomas Dewey Republican

50. 50 Yalta Conference Feb 4 - Feb 11, 1945 Details of United Nations Security Council Details of United Nations Security Council Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet Dominance in Eastern Europe Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet Dominance in Eastern Europe But agreed to annex of eastern Poland in return for free elections in Poland itself But agreed to annex of eastern Poland in return for free elections in Poland itself

51. 51 Changing of the Guard: FDR: Died Warm Spring, GA. April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S Truman

52. 52 VE Day – Victory in Europe Nazis Surrender, New York Crowd Celebrates May 7, 1945

53. 53 Potsdam Conference July 16, 1945-August 2, 1945 Clement AtleeHarry TrumanJoseph Stalin

54. 54 Atomic Bombs Alamogordo, NM July 16, 1945 Hiroshima August 6, 1945 August 6, 1945Nagasaki August 9, 1945

55. 55 VJ Day – Victory Over Japan Celebrations in Times Square, NYC, Aug. 14, 1945

56. 56 FDR and World War II THE END USS Missouri

57. 57 Prime Minister Tideki Tojo

58. 58 War Criminals

59. 59 Atlantic– Aug 1941 – Churchill & FDR Atlantic– Aug 1941 – Churchill & FDR Washington– Dec 1941 Churchill & FDR Washington– Dec 1941 Churchill & FDR Casablanca- Jan 1943 Churchill & FDR Casablanca- Jan 1943 Churchill & FDR Cairo- Nov 1943 Churchill, FDR, Jiang Cairo- Nov 1943 Churchill, FDR, Jiang Teheran- Teheran- Yalta Yalta Potsdam Potsdam

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