2.   As the buffalo disappeared and Native Americans were forced onto reservations, horses and cattle thrived.  Cattle ranching became big business all the way from Texas to Kansas. Cattle Become Big Business

3.   At the end of the Civil War, there was a shortage of beef in the North.  Cattle were drove North from Texas to Kansas to be shipment.  At the time the west was an “open range” Growing Demand for Beef

4.   1865- Chicago Union Stockyards Opened  By 1866 the railroads were running through Sedalia, MO and into Chicago. Growing Demand for Beef

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6.   Cattle ranchers learned the business from the Mexican Vaqueros.  Emerged when the railroads reached the great plains.  Demand for beef increased after the Civil War. Vaqueros/Cowboys

7.   Daily Duties  14 hour days  Livestock management  Transportation of cattle to markets  Breeding, branding, & safety of all cattle & horses on the ranch  Maintenance of fencing & stabling Life of a Cowboy

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9.   Each spring all the longhorn cattle that could be found on the open range were herded into a large corral.  They penned them for several days & the cattle became so hungry they would rather eat than run away.  The herd was sorted through, branded, and prepared for a long drive. Roundup

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11.   Often took months.  Hundreds, sometimes thousands of head of cattle  A cook- chuck wagon  Wrangler- cared for the horses  Trail Boss- supervised & negotiated with settlers and Native Americans Cattle Drives

12.   Dawn to dusk  Sleep on the ground  Bathe in the rivers  Risks:  River crossings  Severe weather  Lightning/thunder  Stampede  Raiders  Native Americans “Long Drive”

13.   A more convenient route than Sedalia  A shipping yard where the cattle drive trail will meet with the railroad.  San Antonio, TX to Abilene, Kansas Chisholm Trail

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15.   Between 1883 and 1887- dry summers/ harsh winters  Whole herds were wiped out  Land was overgrazed  Farmers were planting crops and did not want cattle crossing over their land  Barbed-wire invented The End of the Open Range