1. CHAPTER 5 LESSON 3 – ALEXANDER THE GREAT

2. King Philip II’s royal symbol
Macedonia
Macedonia’s king, PHILIP II, conquers Greece in 338 B.C. except
Sparta when the Peloponnesian War left Greece weak and
open to attack by a stronger force from the North
Philip II so admired Hellenism (Greek culture), he brought Aristotle from
Greece to educate his young son, Alexander
Philip II is assassinated in 336 B.C. before he can carry out his plans to
attack the Persian Empire

3. Alexander inherits his father’s empire of Macedonia and Greece at the age of 20; he is determined to carry out his father’s plans to attack Persia
Reasons for Conquering the Persian Empire
Persia had established the largest empire of the ancient world with lands
in Asia, Africa, & Europe, treating all conquered people with tolerance and respect
used provincial governors called satraps to effectively govern across the empire, each reporting back to the emperor
The Persians standardized coinage across their empire, making trade easier and more profitable
They built the Royal Highway for better efficiency, using a
pony express to better send and receive documents to and from the emperor;
their prophet, Zoroaster, introduced the idea of a heaven and a hell, probably having been influenced by the Jews

4. Alexander & troops marched 20,000 miles, conquering as they advanced
Alexander’s Conquests:
1. Asia Minor and the E. Med. coast
2. Egypt
(Kemet) whose inhabitants called him “God-King of the Whole World”
3. the Persian Empire
4. and marched as far as the Indus River valley
(Alexander’s invention during his campaign:
a vending machine)
Alexander & troops marched 20,000 miles, conquering as they advanced

5. Decline and break-up of Alexander’s empire
1. His troops threaten mutiny, convincing Alexander to return home
2. He and his army retreat to his capital,
Babylon, in Mesopotamia
3. Alexander dies of malaria at the age of 33 in
323 B.C.
Having no sons to inherit his empire, his 3 most powerful Macedonian generals divide his empire into 3 domains (provinces):
1. Gen. Seleucus secures Asia Minor and
the Fertile Crescent
2. Gen. Antigonus acquires Macedonia &
Greece
3. Gen. Ptolemy takes Egypt (Ptolemy being
the same family from which Egypt’s
future queen,
Cleopatra VII will come.

6. Alexander’s Accomplishments:
1. He was the 1st educated military strategist
2. He conquered over 2 million sq. miles of territory
*3. He established a Hellenistic culture (the blending of
the Greek culture with other cultures he had
conquered) across his vast empire that lasted for
centuries
4. He spread Greek to become the universal language of
Ancient Times
5. He founded over 70 new Hellenistic cities, 12 of these
he named
Alexandria

7. Alexandria, Egypt became the most important center of trade and learning around the Mediterranean area;
Alexandria, Egypt: the “Pearl of the Mediterranean” is Alexander’s burial place
Lighthouse at Alexandria: one of the seven wonders of the ancient world

8. ____ A _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
The kingdom that defeated the Greek city-states; Alexander the Great’s birthplace
M A C E D O N I A
******************************
_____ _____ _____ L _____ _____ _____
Alexander’s military general who acquired Egypt upon Alexander’s death
P T O L E M Y
_____ ____ E _____ _____ _____
The Western World’s first classical civilization that was conquered by Alexander’s father
G R E E C E

9. _____ _____ _____ X _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Alexander founded 12 of these cities as his namesake
A L E X A N D R I A
******************************
_____ _____ A _____ _____ _____
The only Greek city-state not conquered by Macedonia; winner of the Peloponnesian War
S P A R T A
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ N _____ _____ _____
Term referring to “Greek culture”
H E L L E N I S M

10. _____ _____ D _____ _____
The river valley where Alexander’s troops threatened mutiny
I N D U S
******************************
_____ _____ E _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
The future queen of Egypt from the Ptolemy family
C L E O P A T R A VII
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ R _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
This body of water’s eastern coastline was conquered by Alexander
M E D I T E R R A N E A N
*****************************
_____ _____ _____ _____ T
This “Black Earth” civilization bestowed the title of “God-King of the Whole World” upon Alexander the Great
E G Y P T

11. ____ H _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
The first king to unify the Greek city-states under his foreign rule
P H I L I P II
******************************
_____ _____ _____ E _____ _____ _____ _____
Alexander’s military general who acquired Asia Minor and the Fertile Crescent upon Alexander’s death
S E L E U C U S
____ G _____ _____ _____
Accepted Alexander as its pharaoh when he freed it from Persian rule
E G Y P T

12. _____ _____ R _____ _____ _____
The empire on which Alexander took revenge for its destruction of Athens 150 years earlier
P E R S I A
************************
_____ _____ _____ _____ E _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
The kind culture that blends Greek culture with other cultures conquered by Alexander
H E L L E N I S T I C
***********************
_____ A _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Capital of Alexander’s empire; Alexander’s place of death in 323 B.C.
B A B Y L O N
_____ _____ _____ _____ T _____ _____ _____ _____
Alexander’s Greek teacher
A R I S T O T L E