1. British prime minister Winston Churchill, U.S. president Harry S Truman, and Soviet premier and supreme commander Joseph Stalin pose during their meeting at the Potsdam Conference in Germany (July 1945). Cold War Conflicts The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens. NEXT

2. Vocab Ch 18 United Nations Satellite nation North Atlantic Treaty Organization Section 3 HUAC Hollywood Ten Blacklists Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Alger Hiss

3. SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Origins of the Cold War The Cold War Heats Up The Cold War at Home Two Nations Live on the Edge NEXT Cold War Conflicts

4. Section 1 Origins of the Cold War The United States and the Soviet Union emerge from World War II as two “superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems. NEXT

5. Former Allies Clash U.S.-Soviet Relations U.S. suspicious of Stalin because he had been Hitler’s ally Stalin resents that U.S. delayed attacking Germany and hid atom bomb Origins of the Cold War 1 SECTION NEXT Continued... The United Nations 1945, established as new peacekeeping body UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete

6. Truman Becomes President 1 SECTION NEXT continued Former Allies Clash The Potsdam Conference July 1945 conference with U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union Stalin does not allow free elections in Poland - bans democratic parties

8. Tension Mounts Bargaining at Potsdam Soviets want reparations from Germany; Truman objects Agree to take reparations mainly from own occupation zones U.S. emerges from war as great economic power - wants Eastern European raw materials, markets 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

9. continued Tension Mounts Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe Installs communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates 1946, Stalin announces war between communism, capitalism inevitable 1 SECTION NEXT United States Establishes a Policy of Containment U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent spread of communism Churchill describes division of Europe as iron curtain Interactive

10. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S. Truman J. Truman Doctrine 1.This group consisted of Eastern European nations that were dominated by the Soviet Union. 2.This action provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

11. The NATO Alliance Fear of Soviets leads to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) European nations, U.S., Canada pledge mutual military support USSR forms Warsaw Pact includes USSR and the Buffer Zone

12. Pages 605, 608, 624 Divide Germany into 4 post war sections Color code each section Label each section Color all NATO countries yellow Color the Soviet Bloc countries PINK Draw the Iron Curtain in RED Create a KEY

13. Cold War in Europe The Truman Doctrine 1945–1991 Cold War—conflict between U.S., U.S.S.R. - neither nation directly confronts the other on battlefield Truman Doctrine— Gave aid to Turkey and Greece to reduce communist threat 1 SECTION NEXT The Marshall Plan 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need Marshall Plan revives 16 nations CONTAINMENT Image

14. Superpowers Struggle over Germany The Berlin Airlift 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin 1949, Stalin lifts blockade 1 SECTION NEXT Map

20. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S. Truman J. Truman Doctrine 3. Both the United States and the Soviet Union joined this organization after World War II. 4. He arranged for about 400 million dollars in aid to be sent to postwar Turkey and Greece.

23. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S Truman J. Truman Doctrine 5. This defensive military alliance was the first military alliance that the United States ever entered during peacetime. 6. This aid program was directed "not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos."

24. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S Truman J. Truman Doctrine 7. This term refers to the indirect but hostile conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union that began at the end of World War II. 8. He believed that eventually there would be a war between capitalism and communism

25. Section 2 The Cold War Heats Up After World War II, China becomes a communist nation and Korea is split into a communist north and a democratic south. NEXT

26. China Becomes a Communist Country Nationalists Versus Communists Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is corrupt Communists, led by Mao Zedong by 1945, communists control north China The Cold War Heats Up 2 SECTION NEXT Continued... Image

28. continued China Becomes a Communist Country Renewed Civil War 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan Communists establish People’s Republic of China in mainland U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese government 2 SECTION NEXT

30. Memorial of Chiang Kai Chek in Taiwan

31. The Korean War A Divided Country 38 th parallel (38º N latitude) North of 38 th to U.S.S.R.; south to U.S. 2 SECTION NEXT North Korea Attacks South Korea 1950, North Korea invades South, begins Korean War South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion; Security Council approves MacArthur put in command of South Korean, U.S., other forces Interactive

36. The United States Fights in Korea MacArthur’s Counterattack North Korea drives south, captures Seoul UN, South Korean troops forced into small defensive zone MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides, pushes into north 2 SECTION NEXT Continued... The Chinese Fight Back China sends troops to help North Korea; push south, capture Seoul Fighting continues for 2 more years

38. MacArthur Recommends Attacking China MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to 38 th parallel continued The United States Fights in Korea 2 SECTION NEXT MacArthur Versus Truman MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China; Truman fires him Continued...

41. Settling for Stalemate 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized zone (DMZ) established continued The United States Fights in Korea 2 SECTION NEXT

46. Section 3 The Cold War at Home During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens.

47. NEXT Fear of Communist Influence The Cold War at Home 3 SECTION Loyalty Review Board Truman accused of being soft on Communism Sets up Federal Employee Loyalty Program to investigate employees 1947–1951 loyalty boards investigate 3.2 million, dismiss 212 Continued...

48. NEXT continued Fear of Communist Influence The House Un-American Activities Committee House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties Hollywood Ten refuse to testify, sent to prison Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work 3 SECTION

51. NEXT 3 SECTION Alger Hiss Alger Hiss accused of spying for Soviet Union; convicted of perjury Congressman Richard Nixon gains fame for pursuing charges Spy Cases Stun the Nation The Rosenbergs Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party activists, implicated Rosenbergs sentenced to death; for helping soviets develop the bomb. Supreme Court upholds conviction Image

53. NEXT 3 SECTION McCarthy’s Tactics Senator Joseph McCarthy a strong anti- Communist activist Ineffective legislator; needs issue to win reelection McCarthyism—attacking suspected Communists without evidence McCarthy claims Communists in State Department McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt” Continued...

55. NEXT 3 SECTION McCarthy’s Downfall 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct continued McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt” Image

56. NEXT Section 4 Two Nations Live on the Edge During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union come to the brink of nuclear war.

57. NEXT Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy Race for the H-Bomb hydrogen bomb— more powerful than atom bomb 1952, U.S. 1953, Soviets Two Nations Live on the Edge 4 SECTION The Policy of Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles, secretary of state under Dwight D. Eisenhower Dulles proposes brinkmanship policy: - willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism

58. NEXT 4 SECTION The Cold War Spreads Around the World Continued... The Warsaw Pact West Germany’s entry into NATO scares Soviets Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries Map

59. NEXT 4 SECTION The Eisenhower Doctrine Soviet prestige in Middle East rises because of support for Egypt Eisenhower Doctrine—U.S. will defend Middle East against communists continued The Cold War Spreads Around the World Image

61. NEXT 4 SECTION A New Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev emerges as new Soviet leader; favors: - peaceful coexistence and economic, scientific competition The Cold War Takes to the Skies The Space Race October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite Shocked Americans pour money into own space program Chart Continued...

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