1. GENETIC TRANSFORMATION

2. WHAT IS GENETIC TRANSFORMATION Genetic transformation is altering a cell by adding genetic information from an outside source Its literally means change caused by genes By adding new genetic info to an organism's DNA you can add new traits to it In our lab we went through the steps of genetic transformation to add bioluminescent genes to E. Coli colonies

3. PLASMID DNA In our lab the pGLO contains the GFP gene for glowing which is triggered by arabinose and the trait that makes the bacteria resistant to antibiotics like ampicillin The pGLO acts as plasmid DNA which carries genes for more than one trait to the new organism Once the plasmid DNA has gotten into the bacteria it can genetically transform them and give them the new trait

4. STEPS OF GENETIC TRANSFORMATION First restriction enzymes cut the plasmid DNA when they gets to corresponding sequence leaving “sticky ends” along the ends Then the jellyfish genes are added to the plasmid DNA matching up along the “sticky ends” The plasmid DNA is inserted into the bacteria by heat shock in the case of the pGLO lab Once in the bacteria the genes are swapped out of the plasmid DNA and into the bacteria’s DNA

6. SOURCES http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech- Environ/Projects00/rdna/rdna.html http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/8363.jpg