1. 1 copyright cmassengale 1 Study of Biology

2. 2 copyright cmassengale 2 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms B. Biologists organize living things into kingdoms. There are currently six kingdoms Organisms include Archaebacteria Bacteria, Protists, fungi, plants, & animals Bacteria, Protists, fungi, plants, & animals

3. 3 copyright cmassengale 3 Cellular Organization (The level of complexity) AtomsMoleculesOrganelles Cells – life starts here TissuesOrgansSystemOrganism

4. How do you know something is alive? All living things need six essential elements (atoms): Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHNOPS) All living things need six essential elements (atoms): Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHNOPS) 4

5. b.All living things are made of cells. b. One-celled organism – unicellular c. Many-celled organism - multicellular 5

6. 6 copyright cmassengale 6 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. They Reproduce-All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 3. Grow & Develop

7. 7 copyright cmassengale 7 4. Obtain and use Energy=Respiration that is used to build molecules and break down food 5. Respond to their Environment

8. 8 copyright cmassengale 8 Common Characteristics What is the difference between growth and development? What is the difference between growth and development? Growth- increase in size Growth- increase in size Development- means to change in the structure and function of an organism Development- means to change in the structure and function of an organism

9. 9 copyright cmassengale Common Characteristics How does an organism respond to a stimulus? How does an organism respond to a stimulus? Alive! Videoclip Alive! Videoclip Alive! Videoclip Alive! Videoclip 7. Regulation- Homeostasis-Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 7. Regulation- Homeostasis-Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 9

10. 10 copyright cmassengale STERNGRR 8. Transport- moving chemicals from location to location within cell or organism. 9. Respiration-Produce energy 10. Excretion-Elimination of waste 11. Metabolism-Organisms chemical reactions Alive! VideoclipAlive! Videoclip Amoeba Alive! Videoclip 10

11. 11 copyright cmassengale SYNTHESIS Synthesis-How organisms build necessary molecules used inside of the body 11

12. 12 copyright cmassengale What does STERNGRR stand for? S- Synthesis T- Transport E- Excretion R - Respiration N - Nutrition G - Growth and Development R - Regulation R - Reproduction 12

13. 13 copyright cmassengale Common Characteristics 12. Metabolism-Organisms chemical reactions 12. Metabolism-Organisms chemical reactions 13. Synthesis-build molecules and cells make complex substances from simple molecules 13. Synthesis-build molecules and cells make complex substances from simple molecules 13

14. 14 copyright cmassengale 14 Characteristics of Organisms

15. 15 copyright cmassengale 15 All Organisms are made of Cells

16. 16 copyright cmassengale 16 Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells

17. 17 copyright cmassengale 17 Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material called cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell

18. 18 copyright cmassengale 18 More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars

19. 19 copyright cmassengale 19 More Cell Facts The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples

20. 20 copyright cmassengale 20 More Cell Facts More complex cells are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples

21. 21 copyright cmassengale 21 Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits

22. 22 copyright cmassengale 22 Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents

23. 23 copyright cmassengale 23 Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent

24. 24 copyright cmassengale 24 Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent

25. 25 copyright cmassengale 25 Cells Have a Genetic Code

26. 26 copyright cmassengale 26 Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work

27. 27 copyright cmassengale 27 Organisms Grow & Develop

28. 28 copyright cmassengale 28 Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

29. 29 copyright cmassengale 29 Cells Require Food & Energy

30. 30 copyright cmassengale 30 Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy

31. 31 copyright cmassengale 31 Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat meat Omnivores eat plants & animals

32. 32 copyright cmassengale 32 Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

33. 33 copyright cmassengale 33Metabolism Cellular Respiration –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

34. 34 copyright cmassengale 34 Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce

35. 35 copyright cmassengale 35 Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.

36. 36 copyright cmassengale 36 Living Things Evolve Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms

37. 37 copyright cmassengale 37 Life is Organized on Several Levels

38. 38 copyright cmassengale 38LevelsPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere

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